Research and Development of Biomonitoring Technology for Environmental Health Chemicals

包括二恶英、内分泌干扰物和农药残留在内的环境健康化学品对环境和农产品的污染扩大是一个严重的全球问题。在环境和农产品中发现了这些化学物质，浓度极低(ppt、ppb和ppb)，怀疑会影响生态系统和人类健康。因此，开发监测超低浓度环境健康化学品污染的新技术非常重要，因为大多数传统技术成本高、劳动密集型和需要时间才能取得结果，并且不能有效地监测超低浓度化学品的污染。因此，似乎需要开发基于生物功能的新技术，因为化学品二次污染的风险潜力很低。我们制备了针对内分泌干扰物双酚A、壬基酚和雌激素、杀虫剂马拉硫磷和除草剂氯氰菊酯的单抗，并在此基础上建立了酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。与常规分析方法相比，所建立的方法具有灵敏度高、操作简便、成本低等优点。我们还利用基因工程技术制备了重组单链抗体，并制备了亲和柱，用于土壤和农产品样品提取液的净化。此外，还建立了一套高灵敏度的同步酶反应体系。人们认为，这些新的ELISA法的标准化对于实际应用具有重要意义。

Expansion of contamination of the environment and agricultural products with environmental health chemicals including dioxins, endocrine disruptors and pesticide residues is a serious global problem. These chemicals were found in the environment and agricultural products at ultra-low concentrations (ppt, ppb and ppb levels), and suspected of affecting ecosystems and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop novel technologies to monitor contamination by ultra-low concentrations of environmental health chemicals, since most conventional technologies are high cost, labor intensive and taking time to obtain results, and do not work effectively to monitor contamination of ultra-low chemicals. Therefore, development of novel technologies based on biological functions appears to be requested, because of the low risk potential for secondary contamination with chemicals. We prepared monoclonal antibodies specific to the endocrine disrupters bisphenol A, nonylphenol and estrogen, the insecticide malathion, and the herbicide cymethrin and then developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the monoclonal antibodies. The ELISA methods developed were highly sensitive, convenient and low-cost as compared with the conventional analytical methods. We also developed recombinant scFv antibodies based on the monoclonal antibodies by genetic engineering and prepared affinity columms for clear-up of the extracts of samples of soil and agricultural products. In addition, a synchronous enzyme reaction system was developed for a highly sensitive ELISA. It was considered that standardization of these novel ELISA methods is important for practical use.