A Fundamental Study to Improve the Quality of Experiment and Observation in Science Teaching

本研究在案例研究和问卷调查的基础上，通过分析和考虑教师（包括准教师）和学生对实验和观察的看法，旨在提高科学教学中的实验和观察质量。指出未来教师在规划和实践科学教学时，没有像专家教师那样考虑得那么多，在实验和观察的方法和结果上，未来教师和学生的想法可能存在差距。准教师似乎重视实验和观察的体验效果及其激发学生兴趣的可能性，但他们无法将自己所知道或理解的实验和观察的内容系统化。从初中生对实验和观察的看法来看，他们似乎不仅希望通过实验和观察来享受实践体验和活动，而且希望通过实验和观察来提高智力理解和兴趣。为了充分利用他们的需求，我们必须进一步讨论在科学教学中如何实践实验和观察。此外，学生们似乎不太喜欢通过实验和观察来验证自己的假设，也不太喜欢规划验证这些假设的方法和程序。如果将这些科学教学条件看作是教师的科学教学观、实验观和观察观的反映，那么教师继续反映自己的科学教学观、实验观和观察观的条件可能是改善条件的一个重要关键。

This Study aimed to improve the quality of experiment and observation in science teaching by analyzing and considering the views of experiment and observation of teachers (including prospective teachers) and students on the base of case studies and questionnaire researches.It was pointed out that when prospective teachers planed and practiced science teaching, they did not consider so much as expert teachers that there might be gaps on between the thought of prospective teachers and that of students about the methods and the results of experiment and observation. It seemed that the prospective teachers regarded the experiential effects of experiment and observation, and their posibilities to excite students' interest as important, but they could not systematize those which they knew or understood about experiment and observation.Concerning the views of experiment and observation of lower secondary school students, they seemed to expect not only to enjoy practical experience and activities through doing experiment and observation, but also to improve intellectual understandings and interest. To make good use of their needs we have to discuss further, how experiment and observation should be practiced in science teaching. Also it seemed that the students could not so much find pleasure in verifying their own hypotheses by doing experiment and observation or in planing methods and procedures to verify those hypotheses. If such conditions of science teaching can be considered as the reflection of teachers views of science teaching, experiments and observation, it may be one important key to improve the conditions that a teacher continues to reflect his/her own views of science teaching, experiment and observation.