Ecological study of animal influenza viruses : To prepare for the emergence of pandemic influenza

为了提供有关下一次大流行流感的前体基因的信息，对动物和禽流感病毒进行了流行病学监测。在俄罗斯、蒙古、中国和日本的Holdcaido总共收集了3987只候鸟的粪便样本。从这些样品中分离到212株甲型H1N1流感病毒，从日本宫城县的呼吸综合征猪身上分离到猪流感病毒。在全球动物流感网络的5个中心之间交换了25株H9N2病毒，并对这些病毒进行了分析。遗传分析表明，从北海道候鸭分离的H9N2病毒的血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)与从韩国鸡分离的H9N2病毒的血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)具有密切的亲缘关系。1995年至1999年从中国分离的H9N2型流感病毒与从野鸭和A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97(H9N2)分离的病毒在基因上是不同的，被认为是I…的毒株。1997年香港出现更多高致病性H5N1流感病毒的内在蛋白基因。对香港地区的猪血清和里海的海豹血清样本进行了检测。在这些猪和海豹体内检测到了针对流感病毒的抗体，表明这些猪和海豹曾零星感染过流感病毒。为了了解物种间传播的分子机制，对病毒在雏鸡气囊中连续传代后筛选出的无毒野天鹅病毒和鸡适应病毒进行了分析。反向遗传学研究表明，在鸡肺中复制不仅需要HA，还需要其他FIFCTCR。为了准备在鸟类和哺乳动物(包括人类)中出现大流行流感，我们向世界卫生组织(WHO)提出了一个项目。该项目包括1)动物流感流行病学监测和2)疫苗和诊断用流感病毒库的建立和保存。这一建议得到了支持，以建设动物流感的防控网络。较少

To provide information on the precursor genes of the next pandemic influenza, epidemiological surveillance of animal and avian influenza viruses was performed. In total, 3,987 fecal samples of migratory waterfowls were collected in Russia, Mongolia, China and Holdcaido, Japan. From these samples, 212 influenza A viruses were isolated H1N2 swine influenza viruses were isolated from pigs with respiratory syndrome in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Twenty-five strains of H9N2 viruses were exchanged between 5 centers of global animal influenza network and stated analyzing these viruses.Genetic analysis indicated that hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H9N2 viruses isolated from the migratory ducks in Hokkaido had a close relationship with those of H9N2 viruses isolated from the chickens in Korea. H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from 1995 to 1999 in China were genetically distinct from viruses isolated from wild ducks and A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2), presumed to be the danor of the i … More nternal protein genes of the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in Hong Kong in 1997. The NA of these viruses had a deletion in stalk region.Pig serum samples in Hong Kong and seal serum samples in Caspian Sea were examined. Antibodies against influenza viruses were detected in these, suggesting that these pigs and seals have been sporadically infected with influenza viruses.For understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interspecies transmission, avirulent wild-swan virus and chicken-adapted virus which selected after serial passage of the virus in air sacs of chicks were analyzed. Reverse genetic studies revealed that not only HA but also other fictcr is needed for the replication in chicken lung.To prepare for the emergence of pandemic influenza in birds and mammals including humans, we proposed a project to world health organization (WHO). The project consists of 1) epidemiological surveillance of animal influenza and 2) construction and preservation of library of influenza viruses for vaccine and diagnosis. This proposal resulted to be given support for constructing the inrematicnal network of animal influenza. Less