Research upon the English Tradition in the Aesthetic Environmental Design Thought

众所周知，18世纪兴起的英国园林设计和景观美学是当今环境美学设计的重要基础之一。18世纪的英国产生了所谓的“景观园艺”，与传统的欧洲花园不同，后者是正式的、规则的和几何的。这种景观园林后来被普遍化、模式化，被公认为“自然”、“舒适”而变得肤浅，然后被美国的环境设计所继承：也就是说，景观园林成为大型“景观建筑”的最重要组成部分之一。景观设计不仅包括园林本身，还包括城市设计和发展，现在在全球范围内都有实践和教学。本研究的目的是更准确地追溯上述历史发展，然后在这样一个主流历史的框架内寻找被遗弃的传统，以及在英国环境设计传统，特别是其美学思想的历史遗产中，探索批判性评价和深化当前环境设计的各种标准。为了达到这一目的，我们以系统、全面和按时间顺序的方式，对美学史背景下被忽视的主要英文文献作为美学和哲学实例进行了仔细研究。此外，还研究了几个典型的英国园林的具体例子，以及围绕园林设计和思想的政治和思想环境。至此，英国传统的意义才得以澄清。本文的研究大纲如下：1)景观园林的美学与政治：斯托园林与英国园林的“英国性”；2)农业与美：英国园林的主题3)幻觉/废墟：英国园林景观中的假废墟；4)埋藏的不和：邱园周围的谈话片段；5)《风景如画的移植：从英国到当代世界》。少

It is well known that the English garden design and aesthetics of landscaping which emerged in the eighteenth-century is one of the most important bases of the aesthetic environmental design today. Eighteenth-century England produced the so-called "landscape gardening," different from the traditional European garden, which had been formal, regular, and geometrical. This landscape gardening is later to be generalized and schematized and become superficial by being recognized as "natural" and comfortable, then to be inherited by the American environmental design : that is to say, the landscape garden has become the one of the most important components of the large-scale "landscape architecture." Landscape architecture comprises not only gardening per se, but also urban design and development, now being practiced and taught all around the globe.The objective of this study is to trace the historical development stated above more precisely, then to search for the abandoned traditions which … More cannot be fully appreciated within the frame work of such a mainstream history, as well as to investigate various standards for critically evaluating and deepening the present environmental design, all in the historical heritage of the English tradition of environmental design, especially its aesthetic thoughts. For this objective mainly English documents neglected in the context of the history of aesthetics scrutinized have been scrutinized as aesthetic and philosophical examples in a systematic, comprehensive and chronological way. In addition several concrete examples of typical English garden have been studied, as well as the political and ideological milieu surrounding the garden design and thought. Then the significance of the English tradition up to now has been clarified.The outline of the research is as follows : 1) Aesthetics and politics of the landscape garden : Stowe gardens and the "Englishness" of the English garden ; 2) Agriculture and beauty : a leitmotif in the English landscape gardening; 3) Illusion / ruin : the sham ruin in the English landscape garden ; 4) Buried discords: conversation pieces around Kew gardens ; 5) "Transplantation of the picturesque : from England to the contemporary world. Less