Child Rearing Stress and Parenting Style in Mothers of Children with Learning Disabilities - From the Viewpoint of "Understandability of Disabilities"

本研究旨在探讨了解子女有学习障碍对母亲教养方式及压力的影响。这些儿童年龄在5岁或6岁，他们要么被诊断为学习障碍(LD组)，要么尽管有学习障碍的特征但没有机会咨询医生(LDS组：LD可疑组)。另一组母亲的孩子没有学习障碍(NLD组)。这三组的母亲完成了儿童养育压力量表和儿童养育方式量表。前者包括“如何抚养孩子”、“孩子在家外的问题行为”、“邻里和社区对这个孩子的障碍的了解”等16个类别，项目总数为84个。每一项要求回答为“是(1分)”或“否(0分)”。后一种量表分为过度干预、严格、过度保护等8类。该量表有72个条目，每个条目都需要在4分的Likert量表上做出反应，从1分(从不)到4分(大部分时间)。结果表明，学习障碍组和学习障碍组“母子互动”的平均类别得分显著高于非学习障碍组，差异无统计学意义。过度干预型母亲的比例依次为LD、LDS、NLD。LD组与NLD组差异有统计学意义。LDS组母亲较其他两组母亲更严厉。结果表明，有学习障碍儿童的母亲在育儿方面压力较大，但诊断学习障碍有助于防止母亲采取过于严格的教养方式。

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of knowing that their children have learning disabilities upon child rearing style and stresses of mothers. The children were five or six years old who either were diagnosed to have learning disabilities (LD group) or had no opportunity to consult a doctor in spite of having characteristics of learning disabilities (LDS group : LD suspect group). Another group of mothers who have children without learning disabilities (NLD group) were included. Mothers of these three groups completed a child rearing stress scale and a child rearing style scale. The former one comprised 16 categories such as "how to bring up the child", "the child's problem behavior out of home", "the neighborhood's and the community's understanding of this child's disorders," and the total number of items were 84. Each item required to respond as "YES (1 point)" or "NO (0 point)." The latter scale had 8 categories such as overinterfering, strict, overprotecting, and so on. This scale had 72 items and each of which required to respond on a four-point Likert scale, from 1 (Never) to 4 (Most of the time).The result showed that the average category scores of "interaction between mother and this child" of LD and LDS groups were significantly higher than NLD group and the difference between LD and LDS did not differ. Percentage of mothers who showed overinterfering style were high in order of LD, LDS, and NLD. LD group differed significantly from NLD. Mothers of LDS group were more strict than the other two groups. It was concluded that mothers who have children with learning disabilities are more stressful in child rearing but diagnosis of LD are useful to prevent mothers from taking too strict child rearing style.