Longitudinal Study on Changing of Family and Community, and on community-care system in high-aged rural society

首先，随着1990年以后人口的迅速稀少和老龄化，最低生计、生活和家庭功能变得脆弱。具体的问题是家庭生活的不稳定，根据我的研究，“这12年家庭生活的变化”，迁出金山镇的79户居民中有112人，出生12人，死亡32人。与此相比，根据社会因素而增加的迁入人口仅为12人。而且，家庭变得越来越小，夫妻家庭变得越来越紧张。另一方面，年迈的父母和搬出去的孩子之间的关系主要是精神上的联系，在工作或家庭经济上的互助关系并不令人期待。另一个问题是家庭关系和规范的动摇。四五十名山山居民的父母肯定家庭生活的个性化和家庭规范的放松。其次，村落功能在下降，村落间的差异在扩大。人口老龄化的速度和程度以及未来30年村庄规模缩小的程度都是由村庄规模这一农业交通设施面积来决定的。处于更不利条件下的村庄比其他村庄变化更大。家庭规模越来越小，只有老年人的家庭在所有家庭中所占比例很高。村落的功能急剧退化，出现了“边界村落”。社区照护制度赖以存在的家庭和社区体系，亟需通过整体和区域社会政策来恢复。

First, the making fragility of minimum stand and of living and family function, following rapid sparseness and ageing of population after 1990.Out of concrete issue is instabilization of family life, according to my research, 「Changing of Family Life in this twelve years」, inhabitants moving out Kaneyama town were 112 among 79 household, birth were 12,deat-h were 32. Compared with this, inhabitants moving in meaning increase depending on social factor, are merely 12. And, family are becoming smaller and astringent to conjugal family. Another side, the relationship between an old parent and moved-out children is mainly mental contact and co-helping relation on work or household economy isn't expectant.Another issue is tottering of family relationship and norm. Forty or fifty parent of inhabitant of Kaneyama affirm individualization of family life and loosening of family norm.Secondly hamlet function is declining differences among hamlets are expending. Speed and degree of population ageing and sizing down of hamlet in later three decade are prescribed on hamlet size, an area of farm communication facilities. Hamlets depending on more disadvantageous condition are more changeable than other ones. Family size in becoming smaller and family with only aged people have had high proportion among all families. And the function of hamlets have extremely deteriorated and consequently appeared 「the boundary hamlet」.Family and community system, which community care system is based on, should be urgently restored by total and regional social policy.