International Comparative Research on the Job Creation by Deregulation of Labour Market and Public Relief Work Project

近年来，日本劳动力市场表现出更大的灵活性。它在两个领域这样做。一个是减少了正式雇员的人数。另一个领域是使用各种形式的非正规或非典型雇员，如临时工、派遣工和散工等。因此，劳动力市场的放松管制并没有带来结构性失业的改善，而是增加了短期和定期合同的不稳定雇员。其中一些非法派遣工人到用户工厂的生产线。用户正式员工与派遣员工之间的工作条件差距差距扩大。大多数非正式雇员的收入通常比正式雇员少得多。因此，用临时派遣工取代正式员工意味着低工资劳动者在所有员工中的比例增加 ...更多信息 S.雇佣的灵活性无疑会使企业通过削减劳动力成本来提高效率，但也会抑制国内市场的需求，给日本经济带来困难。我们还研究了政府资助的公共失业救济工作项目的效果。从1999年到2004年的6年时间里，它计划达到5500亿日元。这项救济工作项目与放松劳动力市场管制截然不同。在瑞典，一方面，政府推动部分公共部门私有化，允许私人职业介绍所经营，另一方面，政府鼓励私营企业参与劳动力市场的建设，鼓励私营企业参与劳动力市场的建设。然而，派遣工人受到雇主和工会之间的集体协议的保护，这与日本不同。政府还推行积极的劳动力市场政策。救济工作项目与各种职业培训有关。另一方面，公共部门为人民提供就业机会，许多雇员仍在公共福利和护理部门工作。少

The Japanese labour market has exhibited more flexibility in recent years. It has done so in two areas. One has been a reduction in the number of regular employees. The other area has been in the utilization of various forms of irregular or atypical employees, such as temporary, dispatched, and casual workers etc. The total number of employees is decreasing. Thus, deregulation of labour market has not brought about the improvement of structural unemployment, but the increase of precarious employees with short and fixed term contract.We investigated private employment agencies and subcontractors. Some of them illegally dispatched the workers to production lines of user factory. The gap of working condition between regular employees of user and dispatched workers has widened. Most irregular employees usually earn much less than regular ones. Therefore, replacement of regular employees with temporary dispatched workers means the increase in the ratio of low-wage earners among all employee … More s. Flexibility of employment will no doubt allow companies to increase efficiency by cutting labour costs, but will also impose difficulties on Japanese economy by curtailing demand in the domestic market.We also studied the effect of the public unemployment relief work project funded by the government. It is scheduled to run up to 550 billion yen for six years from 1999 to 2004. This relief work project is utterly different from the deregulation of labour market. It surely offers jobs to the unemployed people, even if each employment term is limited for less than 6 months.In Sweden, on the one hand, the government has promoted privatization of some public sectors and allowed private employment agencies to run business. However, dispatched workers are protected by the collective agreement between the employers and trade union, unlike Japan. The government has also promoted the active labour market policy. The relief work projects are connected with various vocational training. On the other hand, the public sectors offer job opportunities to the people, and a lot of employees are still working at the public welfare and care sectors. Less