CIGARETTE SMOKING AND GENDER-DIFFERENCES IN LUNG CANCER RISK: A MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY

肺癌最确定的病因危险因素是吸烟。肺癌组织学类型在男性和女性之间的不同分布可能与吸烟模式的差异有关，但这并不能完全解释所观察到的性别差异。越来越多的流行病学证据表明，当吸烟习惯相似时，女性患小细胞肺癌的风险比男性高（2-3倍）。分子流行病学研究也表明，肺癌的遗传和生化改变存在性别差异。我们研究了152例肺癌患者（男：女= 110:42）中CYP1A1 （Msp I和IIe-Val）和GSTs （M1和T1）的多态性。我们还测量了外周有丝分裂原处理淋巴细胞中GYP1A1（芳烃羟化酶，AHH）的表型活性。在年龄、香烟剂量和季节调整的AHH活性/AHH诱导性（3-甲基胆蒽诱导的AHH活性/非诱导的AHH活性）之间没有观察到性别差异。男性和女性中CYP1A1 Msp I、CY1PA1 De-Val、GSTM1和GSTT1基因型的比例无显著差异。芳香dna加合物的性别差异不明显。肺癌在女性中是否代表一种不同于男性的疾病尚不清楚。如果关于肺癌遗传易感性的性别差异的假设被证明是正确的，那么减少被动和主动接触香烟烟雾的教育必须成为女性健康的重中之重。

The most established etiologic risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Differing distributions of histologic types of lung cancer between males and females may be associated with differences in smoking patterns, but this does not fully explain the observed gender differences. There is growing epidemiological evidence that, when smoking habits are comparable, women incur a higher risk (2-3 times) for small cell lung carcinoma than men. Molecular epidemiological studies have also indicated gender differences in the genetic and biochemical alterations in lung cancer.We investigated polymorphisms of CYP1A1 (Msp I and IIe-Val) and GSTs (M1 and T1) in 152 lung cancer patients (male:female = 110:42). We also measured phenotypic activity of GYP1A1 (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, AHH) in peripheral mitogen-treated lymphocytes. No gender-differences were observed between age-, cigarette dose- and season of the year-adjusted AHH activity/AHH inducibility (3-methylcholanthren-induced AHH activity/non-induced AHH activity). Proportion of CYP1A1 Msp I, CY1PA1 De-Val, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in males and females was not significantly different. Gender difference in aromatic DNA-adducts was not evident.Whether lung cancer represents a different disease in women than in men is unclear. If the hypothesis regarding gender differences in genetic susceptibility to lung cancer proves to be true, education for reducing passive and active exposure to cigarette smoke must have a high priority for female's health.