Development of Falling Self-Efficacy Scale for Elderly People : the Reliability and Validity

本文介绍了老年人跌倒自我效能感量表的编制。从24位住在老人院的老人的访谈中，选择了27个项目作为研究1中日常生活活动中跌倒事件或跌倒相关情况的指标。研究二以151位居住在社区与疗养院的老人为研究对象，编制量表。最后，在检查每个项目的分布后，开发了15个项目的FSE量表。研究3的内部一致性（α =.96）和重测程序（γ=.74）显示量表具有较高的信度。在研究4中，通过寻找FSE评分与10 m步行和跨过30 cm障碍物的一些运动变量之间的关系来检验有效性。FSE评分与步行时的步幅和速度以及跨步时的步幅和速度显著相关。与非坠落者相比，去年的坠落者的FSE评分也明显较小。此外，对跌倒有高度恐惧的人表现出明显较小的FSE评分。未来的研究，该量表应用于筛选老年人有严重的跌倒恐惧，导致限制体力活动，并阐明跌倒预防计划的效果。最后，讨论了认知行为方法在老年人跌倒预防中的重要作用。

This paper outlines the development of the falling self-efficacy (FSE) scale for elderly people. From interviews with 24 elderly people who lived in a home for the aged, 27 items were selected as indicators of fall events or fall related situations during daily life activities in Study 1. These items were applied to 151 elderly people who lived in community area and nursing homes to develop the scale in Study 2. Finally, the 15-items FSE scale was developed after checking the distribution for each item. The scale showed high reliability by the internal consistency (α =.96) and the test-retest procedure (γ=.74) in Study 3. In Study 4, the validity was examined by finding the relationships between the FSE score and some movement variables for 10 m walking and stepping-over the 30 cm obstacle. The FSE score was significantly correlated to the stridelength and velocity during walking, as well as the stride distance and velocity in stepping-over. Fallers during last year also had a significantly smaller FSE score compared to non-fallers. In addition, persons who had high fear of falling showed a significantly smaller FSE score. For future research, the scale should be used to screen the elderly persons who have a severe fear of falling and lead to restricting physical activity and to clarify the effects of the fall prevention program. Finally, it was discussed that cognitive-behavioral approach plays an important role for effective fall-prevention programs for elderly people.