Setting of goals of activity levels necessary for children(Evaluation from the number of steps, activity index, and energy balance).

使用加速计式卡路里计数器测量了1150名1 -7年级和11年级学生的身体活动，以及营养摄入量，日常主要活动花费的时间，身体构造和身体能力，以设定不同发展阶段所需的日常身体活动水平目标。数据收集于2000-2001年。虽然数据仍在仔细分析中，但已经获得了一些有趣的结果。例如：(1)一所典型的城市小学，男生平日步行步数为1.2万~ 1.4万步，女生为1.1万~ 1.2万步，而在一所学区较广的小学，男生的步行步数为1.8万~ 2万步，女生的步行步数为1.7万~ 1.8万步。(2)每日步行步数由调查当日是否上体育课、是否将体育运动作为课外活动以及学校与家的距离决定。(3)节假日日步行步数明显减少。每天走大量步的学生很少肥胖。(5)小学生每日步行步数与体育活动（运动测试结果）无显著相关性。(6)在饮食方面，脂肪和油在能量摄入中所占比例较高，碳水化合物所占比例较低，且肥胖小学生的这一趋势更为明显。(7)然而，能量摄入与活动水平基本平衡。(8)各年级学生每日行走步数与活动指数（每日总能量消耗/基础代谢）密切相关（r=0.8 ~ 0.9）。根据这些发现，我们可以为不同年龄的儿童设定必要的活动水平目标，比如步数。

Physical activities were measured using- an accelerometer type calorie counter along with the nutritional intakes, times spent on major activities of daily living, body build, and physical abilities in 1,150 individuals in the 1st-7th and 1 1th grades to set goals of daily physical activity levels necessary at various stages of the development. Data were collected in the years 2000-2001. Although the data are still being analysed closely, some interesting results have already been obtained. They are, for example : (1) The daily number of steps of walking on a weekday was 12,000-14,000 in male pupils and 11,000-12,000 m female pupils in a typical urban elementary school, but it was 18,000-20,000 in male pupils and 17,000-18,000 in female pupils in an elementary school with a wide school district, in which they walked a long distance to school. (2) The daily number of steps of walking was determined by whether the subjects had a gym class on the day of the survey and whether they practiced sports as extracurricular activities as well as by the distance of the school from home. (3) The daily number of steps of walking was markedly small on holidays. (4) Few pupils who walked a large number of steps daily were obese. (5) The daily number of steps of walking was not appreciably related to physical activities (results of sports tests) in elementary school pupils. (6) Concerning the diet, fat and oil accounted for a high percentage, and carbohydrates accounted for a low percentage, of the energy intake, and this tendency was more notable in obese pupils. (7) However, the energy intake was generally balanced with the activity level. (8) The daily number of steps of walking was closely correlated with the activity index (total daily energy consumption/basal metabolism) (r=0.8-0.9) in each grade. From these findings, it is considered to be possible to set goals of activity levels necessary for children at various ages as the number of steps.