How Do Eyewitnesses Report When They Observed The Same Event Differently?

发明了一种新的呈现技术（通过偏光滤镜处理重叠竞争图像，MORI），用于在同一屏幕上呈现两部不同的电影，让两组观众分别观看，而不会注意到重叠。它很容易在观众之间制造出想要的人为冲突。两个相互垂直的偏振滤光片通过一个屏幕为两个视频投影机提供独立的不可见通道。呈现技术的基本原理，设备的细节，和限制在Mori（2003）报告。由负责人、调查员和合作者进行的目击者实验利用MORI技术得出的结果表明，目击者倾向于与他们的共同观众保持一致，而不考虑年龄、性别或个性。这些研究成果已在第25届国际应用心理学大会、筑波国际记忆会议、美国心理学会年会等国际会议上发表。研究成果已提交给学术期刊（Hirokawa, Matsuno, Ukita,& Mori,2003,Mori & Mori,2003）。在Mori & Mori（2003）中，研究人员将138名本科生分成不同规模的小组进行了两项实验，以检验共同证人的存在对证人记忆扭曲的影响。实验1考察了1对2情境下的共同见证效应，实验2考察了2对2情境下的共同见证效应。Mori & Mori（2003）和之前的研究（Kanematsu, Mori,& Mori,2003）的结果表明，孤立的目击者更频繁地改变主意，并根据大多数人单方面改变主意，而当他们有一个共享相同信息的共同证人时，即使在讨论中面临相互矛盾的信息，他们也倾向于保持原来的报告。

A new presentation technique (Manipulation of Overlapping Rivalrous Images by polarizing filters, MORI) was invented for presenting two different movies on the same screen to be seen separately by two groups of viewers without them noticing the overlap. It can easily create desired artificial conflicts among viewers. Two polarizing filters perpendicular to each other provide separate invisible channels from dual video projectors to two groups of viewers via a single screen. The basic principle of the presentation technique, details of the apparatus, and limitations were reported in Mori (2003).The results from eyewitness experiments utilizing the MORI technique conducted by the head, investigator and collaborators have revealed that eyewitnesses tend to conform to their co-viewers, regardless of age, gender, or personality. Those research findings were presented at international meetings, such as the 25th International Congress of Applied Psychology, Tsukuba International Conferences on Memory, and Annual Conventions of American Psychological Society. The research outcomes have been submitted to academic journals (Hirokawa, Matsuno, Ukita,& Mori, 2003,Mori & Mori,2003).In Mori & Mori (2003),two experiments were carried out with a total of 138 undergraduates in groups of varying sizes to examine the effects of the presence of a co-witness on the witnesses' memory distortion. Experiment 1 investigated the co-witness effects in a one-versus-two situation, while Experiment 2 investigated the effects in a two-versus-two situation. Results from Mori & Mori (2003) and the preceding study (Kanematsu, Mori,& Mori,2003) showed that isolated eyewitnesses changed their minds more frequently and unilaterally in accordance with the majority, whereas when they had a co-witness who shared the same information, they tended to maintain their original reports even after being confronted with conflicting information in a discussion.