Early motor development and mother-infant interaction in humans and great apes

先前的研究表明，姿势控制，运动活动，感觉和知觉活动之间的发展相互联系进化产生更高的认知功能，其中包括语言。比较方法的定性和定量分析的发展变化的行动，这是在社会互动中表现出来的，将是必要的，以澄清系统发育和个体发育的起源的理解的头脑。在本研究项目中，我们对两个物种（黑猩猩和人类）的婴儿及其母亲的行为进行了几次观察，以描述姿势，操纵和面对面互动之间的发展相互联系，并评估运动发育的一些迹象，包括一般运动和姿势反应。调查结果如下：1）姿势反应的共同发展阶段及其过渡期的某些位移; 2）一般运动的共同出现及其复杂性的特定差异; 3）早期行为的共同出现，包括吮吸、哭泣和微笑，以及它们之间的发展相互关系的特定差异。本文根据研究项目中获得的比较数据，提出了研究人类母婴交流的系统发育和个体发生起源的理论框架。

Previous studies suggest that developmental interconnection among postural control, motor activity, and sensory and perceptual activities evolved to generate higher functions of cognition, which include language. Comparative approach to qualitative and quantitative analyses of developmental variety of actions, which are exhibited in social interactions, would be necessary to clarify the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of understandings of minds. In this study project, we conducted several observations of behaviors in infants and their mothers in two species, chimpanzees and humans, to describe developmental interconnection among postural, manipulatory, and face-to-face interactions, evaluating motor development with some indications, which include general movements and postural reactions. The findings were as follows; 1)identification of common developmental stages of postural reactions and some displacement of their transition periods, 2)common emergence of general movements and specific differences in their complexity, 3)common emergence of early behaviors, which include sucking, crying, and smiling and specific differences in the developmental interconnection among them. Theoretical frame work was presented for studying the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of mother-infant communications in humans based on the comparative data obtained in the study project.