A Theoretical Research on Language Change of Modern German

在现代，德语加强了书面语言的特征，这似乎是因为在早期现代社会，通过文件的交流变得更加重要。在本研究中，我试图从社会语言学的角度，通过分析文献资料来证明这一假设。结果是：1。语言变化理论的研究和基于这些理论的材料分析表明，社会语言学的社会变化观点在语言变化研究中是非常有效的。通过对肖特尔（J.Schottel）、戈特舍德（J.Gottsched）等语法学家著作的分析，以及对近代早期德国社会语言规范意识的探究，可以看出，这些语法学家著作中的语言与路德（M.Luther）、埃克（J.Eck）等宗教思想家著作中的语言对语言的变迁有很大的影响，而当时的德国社会没有政治统一，有许多方言反映了当时的德国社会。在16世纪的宗教改革中，“传单”（Flugblotter）在普通人的语言启蒙中发挥了重要作用。通过对路德、萨克斯、埃克、埃姆瑟等人写作风格的分析，发现他们虽然运用了各种修辞手法，目的是为了让普通人轻松一些，但他们的写作风格却非常简洁，通俗易懂，这反映了当时大多数普通人的文盲状况。

In the modern age the German language strengthened the charater of a written language, which seems to be because in the early modern society the communication by means of documents became more important. In this research I tried to prove this hypothesis from the viewpoint of sociolinguistics by analysing document materials. The results are :1.The study of theories of language change and the analysis of materials grounding on it demonstrated that a sociolinguistic point of view related to social change is very effective in the research of language change.2.The analysis of writings of grammarians such as J.Schottel or J.Gottsched and the inquiry into the consciousness of norm of language in the early modern German society made it clear that the language in writings of these grammarians and that of religious thinkers like as M.Luther or J.Eck had a great influence on language change, while there were many dialects reflecting the German society, in which there was no political unity.3.It was confirmed that at the Reformation in the 16th century the ‘Flugblotter'(leaflets) played a big role in language enlightment of common people.4.The analysis of style in writings of M.Luther, H.Sachs, J.Eck, and J.Emser brougth out that they made use of various rheotoric technique aiming for lightening of common people but the style of their writings was very concise and easy to understand by hearing, which reflects the illiterate situation at the majority of common people in those days.