Post-sequencing functional studies on the pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) genome

1.对来自15个不同成体和幼体组织的24,398个EST进行了测序，与基因组数据比较，得到了10,116个基因标签。2.对肌肉特异性基因、肌球蛋白重链(MYH)和原肌球蛋白(TPM)，以及编码成肌调节因子(MyoD家族)的基因(MyoD家族)进行了体内和电子水平的分析。与哺乳动物的比较表明，虽然MyoD家族基因的数量几乎相同，但Torafugu的MYH和TPM大约是哺乳动物的两倍，这表明硬骨鱼的基因组存在复制。3.Torafugu共有28个MYH，包括13个快速骨骼、5个心脏、2个慢骨骼、1个超快、2个平滑和5个非肌肉。4.Torafugu快速骨骼MYH分布在5个基因组区域，其中3个包含MYH簇。虽然人类6个快速骨骼MYH形成一个簇，但其在Torafugu的同线区是重复的，尽管每个基因座都包含一个MYH。这些结果表明，硬骨鱼和四足动物从共同的祖先分化出来后，快速骨骼MYH独立进化。5.从龙须鱼皮肤分离的细菌分离株能被河豚凝集素凝集，但不能附着在龙骨鱼皮肤上。6.分离出的pIgR是作为皮肤粘液IgM的转运体而分离出来的，与哺乳动物不同，龙骨鱼pIgR不仅在肠道中表达，而且在皮肤中也表达。7.从龙须鱼中分离到的抗原提呈细胞标志基因CD11c、CD40和MHCII类α，以及编码共刺激分子B7的基因B7-H1、B7-H3和B7-H4是从硬骨鱼中分离到的第一类。

1.Sequencing of 24,398 ESTs generated from 15 different adult and juvenile torafugu tissues resulted in 10,116 gene tags when compared with the genome data. The EST assemblies showed strong conservation with those of zebrafish, although significant differences remained between the two species.2.Muscle specific genes, myosin heavy chain (MYH) and tropomyosin (TPM), and genes encoding myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD family) such as MyoD and myogenin were analyzed in silico and in vivo. Comparison with mammalian counterparts revealed that although the number of the MyoD family genes was almost the same, torafugu had MYHs and TPMs about twice as many as mammalian counterparts, which suggests genome duplication in teleost.3.A total of 28 MYHs comprising 13 fast skeletal, 5 cardiac, 2 slow skeletal, 1 superfast, 2 smooth and 5 nonmuscle, were found in torafugu.4.Torafugu fast skeletal MYHs were distributed across five genomic regions, three of which contained MYH clusters. While human 6 fast skeletal MYHs formed one cluster, its syntenic region in torafugu was duplicated, although each locus contained a single MYH. These results suggest that fast skeletal MYHs evolved independently in teleosts and tetrapods after they had diverged from a common ancestor.5.Bacterial isolates from the torafugu skin were agglutinated by pufflectin, but could not adhere to the torafugu skin.6.pIgR was isolated as an transporter of the skin mucus IgM and, unlike mammals, torafugu pIgR was expressed not only in the intestine but also in the skin. A fragment of pIgR could bind to tetrameric IgM in the skin mucus.7.Marker genes of antigen presenting cells, CD11c, CD40 and MHC class IIα, and genes encoding costimulatory B7 molecules, B7-H1, B7-H3 and B7-H4, isolated from torafugu represent the first of these kinds from teleosts.