Methodological Study on Holonic District Energy Management System

在本研究中，我们研究了许多能源供应系统的最优规划方法。子整体特征。例如，从经济角度出发，提出了一种系统结构优化规划方法，以确定商业和公共建筑供电系统设备的种类、数量和容量。该方法结合电力、天然气等公用事业的最大合同需求，考虑相应的系统年度运行策略，以使年度总成本最小。季节性和小时能源需求要求。以某办公楼为例进行了数值研究。通过研究，明确了以下几点：(a)办公楼的最优系统结构；(b)与其他典型能源供应系统相比，最优系统的经济效果；(c)未来效率的提高和设备初始资本成本的进一步降低对最优系统结构的影响。其次，基于优化方法，对医院能源供应系统规划进行了数值研究。首先，对医院一年内每小时、每天和季节性的能源需求进行估算。其次，列举了冰箱、热泵、燃气发动机热电联产机组、蒸汽锅炉、储热罐等各种设备，以及由这些设备组合而成的替代能源供应系统的25种结构。通过数学优化方法，在考虑系统运行策略的情况下，对以下目标函数确定设备的最优容量；即按年度总成本法计算的总成本。通过改变与初始资金成本和每台设备升级性能相关的参数值以及能源费用进行敏感性分析，并作为。所得结果从综合的角度提出了医院的最优供能系统。最后，提出了一种建筑供电系统更新规划的优化方法。在考虑未来设备能效提高的前提下，结合更新系统的结构，对更新年份进行了优化确定。在数学优化公式中，考虑了与季节和小时能源需求相对应的系统运行策略，使系统年总成本最小化。通过对某办公楼的数值研究表明，基于该方法对更新规划进行优化，可使年总成本降低2-3%。并明确了以下事项对续期解决方案的影响；例如，新安装的可用设备类型，性能的升级率等等。例如，人们认识到，如果假定设备性能的未来升级率足够高，最佳的更新年份就会推迟。少

In this study, many optimal planning methods have been studied for energy supply systems by considering. holonic characteristics. For example, an optimal planning method of system structure is proposed to determine kinds, numbers and capacities of equipment for an energy supply system installed in commercial and public buildings from economic viewpoint. In this method, they are determined together with maximum contract demands of utilities such as electricity and natural gas so as to minimize the annual total cost in consideration of system's annual operational strategies corresponding to. seasonal and hourly energy demand requirements. A numerical study is carried out for an office building. Through the study, the following are clarified : (a) the optimal system structure for the-office building ; (b) the economic effects of the optimal system compared to other typical energy supply systems ; (c) the influence on the optimal system structure of the future efficiency improvement and in … More itial capital cost reduction of equipment. Next, based on the optimization approach, some numerical studies are carried out to plan energy supply systems for hospital. First, energy demands are estimated hourly, daily and seasonally through one year for the hospital. Second, miscellaneous kinds of equipment are listed up such as refrigerators, heat pumps, gas engine cogeneration unit, steam boiler, thermal storage tank, etc., and 25 structures if alternative energy supply systems are composed by combining these kinds f equipment. By the mathematical optimization method, optimal capacities of equipment are determined for the following objective function by taking systems operational strategy into account ; i.e., total cost formulated based on the annual total cost method. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out by changing parametric values related to initial capital cost arid upgrading performance of each equipment in addition to energy charges, and as the. obtained result the optimal energy supply system for the hospital is proposed from comprehensive viewpoints. Finally, an optimization method has been proposed for the renewal planning of energy supply systems installed into buildings. Assuming the raise of future equipment's energy efficiency, the renewal year us determined optimally together with the structure of renewal system. In the mathematical optimization formulation, the annual total cost of the system is minimized in consideration of system's operational strategy corresponding to seasonal and hourly energy demands requirement. Through the numerical study for an office building, it is shown that 2-3% reduction of annual total cost should be achieved if the renewal planning could be optimized based on the proposed method. The influence of the following items on the renewal solution is also clarified ; i.e., available types of equipment to be installed newly, upgrading rates of performance, and so on. For example, it is recognized that the optimal renewal year becomes later if the future upgrading rate of equipment's performance is assumed to be high enough. Less