The Effects of Cleaning Methods on Titanium Implant Abutment Surfaces

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The effect of specific cleaning procedures was investigated on the surfaces of titanium implant abutment (SteriossR, PMA abutoment, 3.25 mm) with experimentally accumulated plaque in human mouth. Two abutments were placed on the facial aspects of both maxillary molar regions using individual acrylic stent. Two abutments on each side were examined for SEM study, while the other two abutments for implantation in rat back skin. Each abutment was treated with one of 4 different cleaning methods : PS (plastic scaler), QJ (Quick jetR, air - power - abrasive system), PS+TC (tetracycline-HC1 solution) and PS+AOW (acidic oxidizing water). The unused abutment (CONT) was as a negative control, while the abutment with plaque accumulation (UNT) as a positive control. The SEM observation revealed that all treatments were effective to remove plaque. QJ was the most effective to remove plaque (cleaning score, 0), but caused the surface damage compared to the other treatment compared to the control. There was no significant difference for removing plaque with no remarkable damage among the remaining 3 methods (P<0.05). The number of inflammatory cells around the implanted abutment treated with different cleaning methods were measured histologically using rat model. All treatments were less for the number of inflammatory cells than that of UNT, however, more than that of CONT. There was no difference between PS and PS+AOW. It may be concluded that the treatment with PS+TC was the most effective method for the cleaning without damage on the abutment surface using SEM and this rat model.