A Study of Structural Transformation of Rural and Land-using Right in Modem China

在东北亚地区，特别是日本、韩国和台湾地区，二战后普遍进行了土地改革，开始了以自耕农原则为基础的家庭农场经营。同样在中国，他们进行了土地改革，并正式创建了家庭农民。他们在那之后建立了人民公社，但自1979年引入生产责任制以来，家庭经营成为基础。这种家庭农场经营在东北亚地区由于全球化的幽灵而面临着严峻的形势。本研究通过比较韩国、台湾地区和中国大陆的区域研究，探讨家庭农场经营的基础，并探讨中国大陆“农村地区”和“沿海地区”土地使用权在生产责任制度中的实际情况的差异。通过上述讨论，我们指出了家庭农场经营的多样性，并提出了东北亚地区小农户面临的“共同农业政策”的必要性。此外，我们还指出，“共同农业政策”并不是WTO框架下的FTA的实际补充，而是必须以小农（=家庭农场经营）的存在为基础。

In Northeast Asia, especially in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, it has been common that they had an agrarian reform after the World War II and started the family farm management based on the owner farmer principle. Also in China, they had a land reform and formally created home farmers. They established the people's commune right after that but family management formed the basis since the introduction of production liability system in 1979. Such family farm managements in Northeast Asia are now in a critical situation due to a specter called globalization. In this study, we discuss how the family farm managements are based on with comparatively studying the regional research in Korea, Taiwan, and China.In China, we discuss how the actual conditions of land-using right in the production liability system differ between the "rural area" and "coastal area". Also, we clarify the difference in their awareness of "land" between the "rural area" and "coastal area".With these discussions descried above, we point out that there are diversified ranges of family farm management and suggest the necessity of "common agricultural policy" for the small farmers in Northeast Asia, who are facing to such critical situations. Also, we describe that "common agricultural policy" is not FTA as an actual supplement in the WTO framework but has to be based on the existence of the small farmers (=family farm management).