Effectiveness of the home-based training plan developed for an enhancement of functional mobility for the residents in snowy regions

多雪地区的居民在冬天往往不活动，尽管他们从事的是繁重的任务，如在积雪覆盖的表面行走或铲雪。这项研究的目的是(1)确定体力活动的运动强度，(2)评估旨在提高雪地中老年人冬季体力活动的居家干预计划的效果，(3)开发简单且廉价的居家体能训练工具，用于力量训练和有氧运动。主要发现如下：1.雪季的身体活动，如在雪面上行走或铲雪，显示出比无雪季节的体能活动(如散步或园艺)更高的需氧量。2.该计划包括(1)在基线体能测量后(初冬)进行简短的指导，通过直接邮寄鼓励体育锻炼，并通过日历呈现信息的方式，执行了居住在栗泽镇、三叶市和什贝图市的110名中老年人。冬季结束时，25名男性在握力、仰卧起坐、睁眼单腿站立、10m跨栏行走、6分钟步行距离和ADL总分等方面均有明显改善，20名女性在6分钟步行距离上有明显改善。然而，这些受试者的静息血压在冬季无论是收缩压还是舒张压都有上升的趋势。3.开发了一种步数计数器，用于评估切换传感器和廉价的袖珍计算器所产生的步数(用于步数锻炼)或步行距离。研制了一种利用橡胶管、坐椅和数字称重仪进行腿部伸展训练的简易工具。这些设备被认为对冬季在家保持健康很有用，因为锻炼者可以监测步行距离、攀登台阶的高度或施加的力量水平。

Residents in snowy regions tend to be inactive during winter in spite of the facts that they are engaging in demanding task such as walking on snow covered surface or snow shoveling. This study was designed (1)to determine exercise intensity of physical activities, (2)to evaluate the effects of a home-based intervention program designed to enhance physical activity for middle-aged and elderly people in snowy regions during winter and (3)to develop simple and inexpensive home-based training tools for strength training and aerobic exercise.Main findings were as follows1.Physical activities during snowfall seasons such as walking on snowy surface or snow shoveling revealed higher oxygen demand than those during snow-free seasons represented as walking or gardening.2.The program consist of (1)a short guidance after the baseline fitness measurements (at the beginning of winter), encouragement of physical activity by direct mail, and to present information on by calendar was executed 110 middle-aged and elderly living in Kurisawa town, Mikasa City, and Shibetu city. At the end of winter, Significant improvements were observed in grip strength, sit-ups, open eyes one leg standing, 10-m hurdle walk, 6-minutes walk distance and total score of ADL in 25 males and 6-minutes walk distance in 20 females. However, blood pressure at rest in these subjects tend to increase both in systolic and in diastolic during winter.3.A step counter was developed to evaluate the amount of number of steps (for step exercise) or walking distance made by switching sensor and inexpensive pocket calculator. A simple leg extension training tool using rubber tube, sitting chair, and a digital weight meter was developed. These devices are thought to be useful to maintain fitness in home during winter since the exerciser can monitor the amount of walking distance, height of climbing steps or level of strength exerted.