An Analysis of Essential Qualities for Science Communicators and a Study on the Development of Associated Training Programs

(1)在国家自然科学博物馆的实践中发现，儿童与“博物馆工作人员”和“博物馆资料”这两种科学博物馆特有的学习资源的交流，对培养儿童积极的科学学习态度有很大的作用。因此，科学传播者在“连接”科学与人的过程中具有重要的作用，这就要求科学传播者具备以参观者容易理解的方式传达科学的能力，具备协调和组织这种传播环境的能力，具备专门的知识和技能来进一步加强这种传播环境。(2)通过对国外科学博物馆和大学的调查发现，大学对科学传播者进行了实践培训。例如，澳大利亚国立大学的国家公众科学意识中心与QUESTACON（科学技术中心）建立了伙伴关系……More，那里的大学生参与外展活动。此外，美国加州大学圣克鲁斯分校也有一些非正式的科学教育课程，这些课程对专业博物馆的工作人员开放。这些课程通过与英国帝国理工学院和旧金山探索博物馆合作开发科学传播者培训项目。(3)根据科学传播者应具备的能力和技能，国家自然科学博物馆制定并实施了科学传播者培训计划。该课程将于2007年被筑波大学正式批准为研究生课程。(4)在一次国际学术会议上，以高校为主体报告了若干科学传播者培养项目的尝试。从以上调查可以看出，科学传播者的培养方案应该分别针对普通传播者、科研人员、专业人员和科学教师。总而言之，未来的影响是要有战略性的观点，为可能的科学传播者创造职业道路：例如，通过制定一项战略，让更多的科学传播者参与其中，并通过开发颁发文凭的官方大学课程或课程。少

(1) In the practice at the National Museum of Nature and Science, it was figured out that children's communication with "museum staff" and "museum materials," both of which are peculiar learning resources in science museums, have large effects in growing children's positive attitude toward science learning. Therefore, science communicators have significant roles to "connect" science and people, and thus science communicators are required to have abilities to convey science in the way that visitors can understand easily, to coordinate and organize such a communication environment, and special knowledge and skills in order to further enhance it.(2) From the investigation at foreign science museums and universities, it was found out that universities hold practical training programs for science communicators. For instance, the National Center for Public Awareness of Science at the Australian National University develops partnerships with the QUESTACON (the Science and Technology Center) a … More nd the university students there engage in outreach activities. Also, UC Santa Cruz in the United States holds some courses for informal science education that opens for professional museum stuff. These courses develop science communicator training programs by partnering with Imperial College in the Great Britain and Exploratorium in San Francisco.(3) Based on abilities and skills expected for science communicators, we, the National Museum of Nature and Science developed and implemented a science communicator training program. This program is going to be approved as an official graduate class at University of Tsukuba in 2007.(4) In an international symposium, attempts of several science communicator training programs are reported mainly by universities. From all these investigations above, it can be said that science communicator training programs should be developed each for general communicators, researchers, professionals, and science teachers.In summary, a future implication is to have strategic views to crate a career path for possible science communicators : for example, by developing a strategy to get more science communicators involved and by developing official university classes or courses that would issue the diploma. Less