EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTION OF THE TIME IN FRENCH LITERATURE

在这项研究中，我们旨在阐明法国文学，特别是现代文学中所描述的时间意识。在现代文学的基础上，对“线性时间”的怀疑和排斥是始终如一的。在现代文学中表现出了什么样的时间意识--不同于通常表现为从过去到现在的均匀时间流动的理性时间意识？我们主要从“先锋”与“阿瑞尔”的比较、对克里奥尔文学的分析以及对“东方”与“西方”的时间观的考察三个角度来研究这一问题。从第一种方法我们可以看出，无论是批判人类进化论神话的《艺术派》作者，还是意识到媒介不透明的《先锋派》作家，都具有与进步历史观不同的时间意识。事实上，被认为是现代性本质的“先锋派”和…的“艺术派”更重视落后于时代的价值观，保持着一种非常复杂的关系。第二个论点中的克里奥尔文学已经带有“黑人”、“古老”和“克里奥尔”三个历史印记，它揭示了西方现代性是通过排斥差异和落后而实现的。第三点是试图澄清东西方文化差异，这是所有研究欧洲文学的日本人都无法回避的问题。我们通过对帕斯卡、内尔瓦尔、中上健二等人的个人研究，分析了西方向东方过渡过程中产生的扭曲。这份报告收集了上述研究的结果。整个研究表明，通过对文学中的时间意识的分析，可以透视现代。尽管这项研究考察的作者和年龄有限，但我们认为我们已经为进一步研究奠定了必要的基础，这些研究将在更大的领域开展。较少

In that research we aimed to elucidate the time consciousness described in French literature, especially in modern literature. In the basis of the modern literature a skepticism and a repulsion toward the "linear time" are consistently observed. What kind of time consciousness - differing from the rational one often represented by a homogeneous flow of time from past to present - has been expressed in modern literature?We studied this question principally from three views comparison of "avant-garde" and "arriere-garde", analysis of the Creole literature, and examination of the vision of time in "East" and "West". From the first approach we have remarked that not only the authors of "arriere-garde", who criticized the myth of human evolution, but also the writers of "avant-gardes", aware of the opacity of media, had a certain time consciousness which differ from the progressive view of history. In fact, the "avant-garde" considered as the essence of modernity and the "arriere-garde" who … More attaches importance to values fallen behind the time, maintain a very complex relation. The Creole literature of the second argument - which already carries three historical marks of "negritude", " antillity" and "creolity" - reveals that the Western modernity has been realized by the exclusion of difference and backwardness. The third point is an attempt at clarifying the cultural gap between East and West, problem unavoidable to all Japanese researchers of European literature. We have analyzed, through the individual studies of Pascal, Nerval, Valery Kenji Nakagami and so on, the distortion generated in the process of transition from West to East. The results of these above-mentioned studies are collected in this report.The whole research shows that the analysis of the time consciousness in literature allows putting the modern times in perspective. In spite of the limited number of authors and ages examined in that research, we think that we have founded the necessary basis for further studies, that will be developed in larger fields. Less