Studies on the Family Backgrounds of the Problems of School Enrollment of Foreign Children and the Supportive Networks for Them

据估计，超过10%的日本义务教育年龄的外国儿童没有被送去任何学校。特别是南美裔儿童的非就学率较高。根据家庭背景是影响其非就学率的主要因素之一的假设，我们进行了一些研究。研究结果如下：作为临时Dekasegi工人留在日本的外国父母往往工作很长时间，并且将他们的孩子留在日托或外国学校（巴西学校）很长一段时间，这些学校与日本儿童的环境分开。所以他们既没有足够的时间与父母接触，也没有学习日语的机会，这使得他们很难进入日语学校。由于日本的义务教育并不适用于外国儿童，当地社区的教育委员会没有做好工作来确保他们的入学。因此，父母身份不正常的孩子，或者年龄在15岁以上的孩子，就会被教育局拒绝，即使是在日本长期居住的父母（如前印度支那难民），对日本的学校制度也没有足够的了解，无法帮助孩子选择学校。如果没有教师和社区志愿者的帮助，他们的孩子将无法对自己的人生道路做出充分的选择。然而，我们可以找到一些巴西学生成功进入日本大学的案例。他们的努力和良好的指导无疑有助于他们的老师这一结果。但是，伴随着这些，父母支持孩子上高中和大学的一贯态度对他们的成功起着至关重要的作用。从这个意义上说，很明显，对外国父母的支持活动对孩子成功融入学校生活也很重要。少

More than 10% of the foreign children of the compulsory education age in Japan are estimated not to be sent any school. Especially the children of South American origin show high rate of non school attendance In following the hypothesis that one of the major factors of their non school attendance lies in their family backgrounds, we have made several researches. And the findings which were derived from those researches are as follows.The foreign parents who stay in Japan as temporary Dekasegi workers tend to work for a very long time and leave their children also for a long time in the day nursery or foreign school (Brazilian school) which are separated from Japanese children's milieu. So they have neither the sufficient time of contact with the parents, nor the occasion of learning the Japanese language, which make them difficult to enter the Japanese school.Because the Japanese compulsory education is not applied to foreign children, the Boards of Education of local communities do no … More t work well to secure the school enrollment of them. Thus, the children whose parents are in an irregular situation, or those whose age is more than 15 years old happen to be rejected by the Board of EducationEven the parents who have stayed in Japan for a long time (for example the ex-Indochinese refugees) have not a sufficient knowledge about the Japanese school system and thus cannot help their children in the school choice. Without the help of teachers and community volunteers, their children would not be able to make adequate choice of their life course.However, we could find some cases of Brazilian pupils who had succeeded to enter a Japanese university. Their hardworking and good orientation made by their teachers would undoubtedly contribute to this results. But, along with these, the parents consistent attitude supporting their children's going to the senior high-school and university plays a crucial role in their success.In this sense, it becomes clear that the supportive activities for the foreign parents are also important for the children's successful integration into the school life. Less