Impact on researches of evolution, environmental problems and early processes of solar system by using nano-reaction analysis and natural nano-scale minerals

我们利用纳米反应分析和天然纳米矿物对太阳系演化、环境问题和早期过程研究的影响这一研究主题进行了检验。1)演化：我们研究了具有世界著名的单细胞化石结构的古弗林特硅质岩中著名的前寒武纪样品和大理石酒吧硅质岩中的样品。用矿物学方法对它们进行了检验。前者由三种不同的矿物组成。这一结果已经被报道了2)环境问题：我们现在正在继续研究世界上一些地区地下水的砷污染。最近我们把重点放在了内蒙古地区。在这里，与地下水的砷污染有关的非常典型的沉积物出现了。它是非常黑的沙子。我们阐明了颜色变化与沉积物中砷的溶解之间的关系。也就是说，黑色是由于沙子表面涂覆了类似硫化铁的材料，可能是由原始的氧化铁和/或氢氧化物取代的。这些条件与SRB活动产生的极端还原环境相对应。这些结果已初步报道。关于地球表面环境的另一个例子是锰结核。3)早期太阳系与陨石样品有关。我们对碳质球粒陨石中的碳矿物进行了详细的透射电子显微镜观察。我们在南极陨石中发现了大量的纳米金刚石颗粒和纳米到亚微米级的有机物质。讨论了陨石的成因及其与分类的关系，以及其他碳矿物的特征。我们将对这些数据进行总结并发表这些数据。因此，在这个研究年取得了重要的成果。

We carried out examination on our research theme "Impact on researches of evolution, environmental problems and early processes of solar system by using nano-reaction analysis and natural nano-scale minerals." We, here, summarize the main results briefly.1) Evolution: we examined famous Precambrian samples from Gun Flint chert which is known to have world famous unicell- fossil-like structure and samples from Marble Bar chert. They were examined mineralogical methods. The former consists of three different mineral species. This result has already been reported.2) Environmental problem: we are now continuing research about arsenic contamination of ground water in some regions in the world. Recently we are focusing on Inner Mongolia region. Here, very characteristic sediments occur in relation to arsenic contamination of ground water. It is extremely black sand. We clarified the relationship between the color change and the dissolution of arsenic from the sediments. That is, black color is due to Iron sulfide-like materials coating on the sand surface, which is probably replaced with original iron oxide and/or hydroxides. The conditions correspond to extremely reductive environments which are produced by SRB activity. These results have been preliminarily reported. Another example about Earth's surface environment is Mn-nodules. Constituent mineral characteristics were examined and was clarified to be nano-scale structural fatures.3) Early solar system is related t meteorite samples. We carried out detailed TEM examination for carbon minerals cotained in carbonaceous chondrite. We found many nano-diamond grains and nano- to sub-micron scale organic materials in Antarctic meteorite. We discussed about the origins and relationship to classification of meteorite and characteristics of other carbon minerals. We are going to summarize them and to publish these data.Thus, important results have been obtained, this research year.