The characteristics of amniotic membrane and it's application for regenerative medicine.

检测羊膜基底膜上层粘连蛋白的亚基(α2、α3、αβ1、β3、γ1、γ2)。羊膜上有表达未分化ES细胞的Oct4、表达于神经干细胞的巢蛋白或Musashi-1的RNA，提示羊水中存在未分化的细胞，羊膜可产生α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)，抑制羊水中胰酶或中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶的活性。炎症或感染引起α1-AT的降低，导致胎膜早破，胎膜早破使患者早产。本研究表明，羊膜细胞，1)产生白蛋白或α1-AT作为肝细胞的参数；2)产生胰岛素基因并降低糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖；3)通过分化因子表达心肌特异性的NKX2.5、心房肌特异性的心钠素、心肌收缩的特异性蛋白MHC。4)用转化生长因子β-3、骨形态发生蛋白(软骨细胞和骨细胞的生长分化因子)及其受体进行颗粒培养，表达软骨细胞特有的II型胶原基因；5)种植在人工多孔管内表面的HAE能抑制成纤维细胞从管外的侵袭；6)用温敏多肽制成羊膜细胞膜，提示羊膜细胞在再生医学中有应用价值。

The subunits of laminin (α2, α3, αβ1, β3, γ1, γ2) were detected on basement membrane of the amnion. The RNAs, Oct4 (which is expressed on undifferentiated ES cells), Nestin or Musashi-1 (which is expressed on Neuronal stem cells), were expressed on amniotic cells.These results suggest that there were undifferentiated cells in amnion.The amnion can produce α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) that inhibits the activity of trypsin or the activity of neutrophilic elastase in the amniotic fluid. The decreasing of α1-AT by inflammation or by infection, cause premature rupture of the membrane (PROM), and the PROM made the patient premature labor.This study showed that amniotic cells, 1) produce albumin or α1-AT as a parameter of hepatocyte, 2) produce the mRNA of Insulin and decreasing the blood glucose in diabetic model mouse, 3) express NKX2.5 (which is specific on cardiac muscle), ANP (which is specific on muscle of atrium), MHC (which is specific protein for contraction on cardiac muscle) by differentiation factor, 4) express mRNA of collagen Type II (which is specific protein on chondrocyte) under pellet culture with TGF-β3, BMP (which is the growth or differentiation factor for chondrocyte and osteocyte) and its receptors.5) hAE, which was seeded on the inner surface of artificial and porous tube, inhibited the invasion of fibroblast from outer area of tube, 6)Amniotic cell sheet was made by using the temperature sensitive polypeptide.There results suggest that amniotic cells are useful to regenerative medicine.