Study of Zola's novels, art criticism and French paintings from the 1860s-1880s : Modern Paris and the artistic modernism

本研究的目的是通过对左拉小说、艺术批评和当时绘画之间关系的研究和分析，从历史、社会和文化的角度来分析左拉和画家们共同关注的问题。以下是本研究的3个主要成果：通过对《La Curee》中提到的第二帝国时期的巴黎模式与女性身体问题之间的关系，可以理解，这部批判第二帝国时期浮夸的小说包含了对追求叙事主题和表面光滑的学院派绘画的批判。关于法兰西第三共和国时期的巴黎与新绘画的关系，本研究也从两个角度分析了Le Ventre de Paris和城市风景画。第一个是关于巴黎的重建和工业化问题，因为巴黎公社摧毁了大量的建筑。左拉对当代建筑和城市装饰的欣赏影响了印象派绘画，如莫奈的作品。二是共和思想与莫奈、马奈风景画的关系。对商品经济及其与绘画关系的分析也基于两个角度。一个是《巴黎商人》中对食物的描述和马奈的静物画。很明显，不仅可以看到强烈的物质主义观念，而且还可以看到食物和画的花是用来出售的。另一个与橱窗有关，橱窗是现代商业的象征。女性身体的碎片化和商业化在那里被频繁使用。可以指出的是，左拉和画家们开始意识到他们的艺术作品在现代商业社会中也是一种商品。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the common concerns of Zola and painters from a historical, social and cultural perspective, by referring to the researches and analysis about the relationship of Zola's novels, artistic criticism and the paintings in that time.Below are the 3 main achievements of this study :1. By referring to the relationship between the Paris mode in the 2^nd imperial period and the problem of female bodies mentioned in La Curee, it has been understood that this novel in which the ostentatious 2^nd imperial period is criticized includes a criticism about the academic paintings which pursue the narrative themes and the smooth and polished surface.2. Relating to the relationship of Paris in French Third Republic and the new paintings, this study also conducted an analysis of Le Ventre de Paris and the city landscape paintings from 2 perspectives. The first one is about the problem of the reconstruction and industrialization of Paris, since the time in which a large number of buildings were destroyed by Paris Commune. Zola's appreciation towards contemporary architecture and city decorations have influenced the paintings of Impressionism such as Monet's works. The second one is related to the relationship of republican ideology and landscape paintings by Monet and Manet.3. The analysis about the commodity economy and its relationship with paintings is also based on 2 perspectives. One is the description of food in Le Ventre de Paris and still-life paintings of Manet. It is obvious to see not only the strong concept of materialism, but also the suggestion that food and flowers painted are for sale. Another one is related to the show windows, which is the symbol of modern commerce. The fragmentation and commercialization of female bodies are frequently used there. It can be pointed out that Zola and painters became aware that their artistic works were also a type of merchandise in modern commercial society.