Folkloristic Research on Conservation and Management of Landscape as Local Resource

在本研究中，我们进行了20多个短期的实地调查，涵盖了几种景观资源利用模式。这些调查主要针对重要文化景观或世界文化遗产的登记运动，以及农业/林业/渔业/采矿景观的保护运动。我们注意到以下五点：运动的发展过程，2。运动的政治和科学背景，3。社区内外对景观的评价; 4.运动对当地居民生活的影响，5。通过上述案例研究，人们发现，政治和科学思想先于地方运动，地方社区被迫遵循这些思想，无论他们希望与否。这在重要文化景观中尤为突出。因此，这些研究论文都是围绕着两个相互联系的主题之一或两者来完成的：一是对政治和科学观念的重新审视，B是对地方实例的历史进程和现状的分析。也就是说，“景观”不仅仅是一个从外部观察或分析的可见空间，而是一个有机体，各种人都参与了形成，维持和变形的过程，在这个意义上，它是一个可以与“文化”交换的概念。因此，政治和学术界在利用、评价和排序景观时，应更多地考虑当地居民和社区，并自我验证以发挥自己的影响力。

In this research, we have had more than 20 short-period field surveys covering several patterns of utilization of landscape resources. The surveys have been mainly conducted for registration movement to an Important Cultural Landscape or a World Cultural Heritage, and for conservation movement of agricultural/forestral/fishery/mining landscapes. We have noted the following five points : 1. developping process of the movements, 2. political and scientific background of the movements, 3. evaluation given to the landscape both from inside and outside of the community, 4. influence of the movements on local resident life, 5. problems and inconsistency of the movement.Through the above-mentioned case study, it has been revealed that the political and the scientific ideas precede local movements, and local communities are forced to follow the ideas whether they hope or not. It is especially remarkable in the case of Important Cultural Landscape. Consequently these research papers are finished with focusing on either or both of two themes which are connected mutually : a) reexamination of political and scientific ideas, b) analysis of historical process and present condition of local examples.The following things can be pointed out as the result of this research. That is, 'landscape' is not merely a visible space to observe or analyze from outside but an organism to which various people are concerned with the process of forming, maintaining, transfiguring, and in this meaning, it is a concept exchangeable for 'culture'. And therefore, political and academic sector, which are concerned with utilization, evaluation and ranking landscapes, should give much more consideration to local resident and community and self-verification to exercising their own influence.