An empirical study on development of peasantry economy and its impacts on rural society in Vietnam : Cases of tea and natural rubber producing areas

本研究项目旨在分析位于越南北部丘陵山区的茶叶种植和位于越南东南部山区的天然橡胶种植的近期结构变化。以下是本研究的事实发现和结论。在太原省的茶叶产区，一些先进的农民正在尝试采用一些新的现代耕作技术，如改良高产品种、灌溉设施、节省劳动力的机械等，以稳定和增加农业收入，扩大自己的农场规模。2)这些新的农业技术似乎扩大了先进农民和小规模贫困农民之间的农业收入差距。3)一些能够成功扩大经营规模的先进农民，逐渐开始用主要来自中部沿海地区的员工代替他们的收割工作。在这个地区，集约化的茶叶种植，一方面，在离农民住所稍远的山坡上，带来了专属的土地使用。在这些地方，从属于别人的木材中偷木材也经常发生。它可能被认为是一种社交焦虑。在平阳省天然橡胶产区，1)存在四种不同类型的经营主体：小规模农户；中等规模的农户引进长期雇员；大型资本主义农场；和国有企业经营种植园。2)固定员工在中、大型农场从事橡胶乳收获工作。这些员工来自中部沿海地区和湄公河三角洲地区，以及该地区的小农户。3)与种茶相比，员工的工资率相对较高。从经济角度来看，许多雇员并不总是很穷，他们可以节省开支。然而，他们的工作条件并不好，因为他们的工作主要是在午夜到黎明之前进行。4)近年来，橡胶种植的高收益前景不仅吸引了农民，也吸引了城市居民甚至海外越南人在该地区投资和收购农田。因此，农地价格暴涨，超过了合理的农业价格。如果没有适当的土地政策或政府部门的控制，中小农户肯定没有机会获得额外的农田。少

This research project aimed to analyze the recent structural changes in tea farming and natural rubber farming, which are located in the northern hilly and mountainous region and the southern-east region of Vietnam, respectively.The followings were the fact-findings and conclusion of the study.In the tea producing area, Thai Nguyen province, 1) some advanced farmers are trying apply some new modern faming technologies such as improved high-yield variety, watering facility, and labor-saving machinery, etc., for stabilization and increase in farming income with enlarging the scale of their own farm. 2) It seems that those new farming technologies make large the disparity of farm income between the advanced farmers and small-scale poor farmers. 3) Some of advanced famers that can successfully enlarge their farming scale gradually start replacing their harvest job by employees who mainly come from the middle coastal region of the country. 4) Intensive tea cultivation in the region, on the … More one hand, brings exclusive land-use in the hillsides located a little bit far from farmers' residence. In such places, steal of timbers from the wood belonging to others also often takes place. It might be recognized as a social anxiety.In the natural rubber producing area, Binh Duong province, 1) four different types of farming entity exist : small-scale farm household ; medium-scale farm household introducing permanent employees ; large-scale capitalistic farm ; and state own enterprise running plantation. 2) Permanent employees engage in harvesting rubber milk in the medium- and large-scale farms. Those employees are supplied from the middle coast and Mekong River Delta region as well as small holders in the region. 3) The employees enjoy relatively higher wage rate compared to one in the case of tea faming. Many employees are not always very poor with making a saving in economic term. However, working condition is not favorable because their job is mainly operated midnight before dawn. 4) Recently, the prospect of high profitability of rubber faming attracts not only farmers but also urban dwellers and even overseas Vietnamese to invest and acquire farmland in the region. Consequently, a skyrocket of farmland price beyond a reasonable price for farming takes place. It is sure to make no chance for small- and medium-scale farmers to get extra farmland, without any appropriate land policy or control by the governmental sector. Less