Stateless Minority and the New Regionalism in the Context of Globtitation

这项研究的主要目的是在全球范围内考察西欧历史上少数民族地区的身份转型。我们以布列塔尼为例，它以其凯尔特根源、社区凝聚力和与占主导地位的法国文化的斗争而闻名。二战结束后，在1960-70年代，该地区出现了新的社会运动，主要由学生和知识分子支持。作为一场民族复兴运动(A.D.Smith)和“民族运动(A.Touraine)”，在这一系列运动之后，20世纪90年代末发生了另一种地区性现象，动员了媒体、地方机构和更大规模的布列塔尼民众。基于对文化协会的实地研究，并采用人种学框架，我们试图实证地回答该地区1960-70年代的民族民族主义意识是否已转向更加全球化、多元文化和公民认同。采取的方法是：半结构化、定性访谈和在协会活动中的参与者观察。在巴塞罗那还进行了其他一些访谈，以考虑到对新的地区主义现象的体制影响。在布列塔尼，我们可以观察到新的区域认同形式的出现，这肯定了与不同类型的“小众文化”的团结，如移民文化、少数民族、土著人口和发展中国家的居民。在全球背景下重新解释的布列塔尼人种族，已经变得更个人化、更“软”、更灵活和更文明。现在，它被个人用来抵抗世界的文化统一化，也被用来抵制法国政府的统治。在这里，归属感并不意味着民族领土认同：相反，它似乎为与他人进行另一种类型的文化“交流”打开了空间，无论是在内部(例如。移民)和外部(例如土著人民)地理上和国家上受限的地区。

The main objective of this research is to investigate the identity transformation of historically minority regions in Western Europe in a global context. We take the case of Brittany, known for its Celtic roots, community cohesion, and struggle against the dominant French culture. After WWII, in the 1960-70s, new social movements emerged in the region, supported mainly by students and intellectuals. Qualified as an ethnic revival (A.D.Smith), and 《mouvement nationalitaire (A.Touraine) 》, this range of movements was followed by another regionalist phenomenon which took place in the late 1990s, mobilizing the media, local institutions and a much larger Breton public.Based on field research on cultural associations and adopting an ethnographic framework, we tried to answer empirically whether the region's ethnonationalist consciousness of the 1960-70s has shifted toward a more globalized, multicultural, and civic identity.The methods adopted were : semi-structured, qualitative interviews, and participant observation in association activities. Some other interviews were conducted in Barcelona, to take into account the institutional effects on the new regionalist phenomenon.In Brittany, we can observe an emergence of new forms of regional identity, which affirm solidarity with different types of 《minorized cultures》 such as immigrants' culture, minority nations, aboriginal populations, and inhabitants of developing countries. Breton ethnicity, reinterpreted in a global context, has gotten a more personal,《soft》, flexible, and civic dimension. It is now used by individuals to resist against the cultural uniformization of the world as much as against the domination of the French state. Here, the sentiment of belonging does not signify an ethnoterritorial identity : rather, it seems to open up the space for another type of cultural 《metissage》 with others, both inside (ex. immigrants) and outside(ex. aboriginal peoples)the geographically and nationally confined region.