Web contents design and evaluation by considering image-language processing characteristics of hard-of-hearing persons

2006年，我们进行了一项实验，以比较不同的目录表示法，以提高网站的可用性。该实验模拟了一项基于目录的信息搜索任务，以了解当目录以文本、标记象形图或未标记象形图表示时，它是如何执行的。要求21名擅长处理象形图的重听人和21名擅长处理文本的听障参与者从27个目录中选择一个，这些目录以三种替代格式之一代表38个查询，每个查询从容易到困难不等。结果表明，对于困难的查询，选择目录比选择容易的查询需要更多的时间，并且当目录用标记象形图表示时，花费的时间最少。此外，每个参与者组选择的目录中的可变性程度对于困难的查询比对于容易的查询更大，并且对于听证组随着格式变得更加文本而单调地减小。2007年，我们对上述实验中收集到的眼动数据进行了进一步的分析。我们发现，只有在标记象形图的条件下，听力障碍组和听力障碍组在注视次数和注视次数方面表现得一样好。我们得出结论，标记象形图表示法比文本表示法具有更大的优势。这意味着，当目录以文本和象形图表示时，参与者收集了最有效地选择目录所需的信息。我们建议网站设计者应该使用标记象形图来实现基于目录的网站的FEST和易导航性。

In 2006, we conducted an experiment to compare alternative representations of directories for improving usability of web sites. The experiment simulated a directory-based information search task to understand how it is performed when directories are represented in text, labeled pictograms, or unlabeled pictograms. Twenty-one hard-of-hearing, who were skilled at processing pictograms, and 21 hearing participants, skilled at processing text; were asked to select one of 27 directories represented in one of the three alternative formats for each of 38 queries ranging from easy to difficult. The result demonstrated that it took more time to select a directory for the difficult queries than for the easy queries and that it took the least time when the directories were represented in labeled pictograms. In addition, the degree of variability in directories selected by each of the participant groups was greater for the difficult queries than for the easy queries and decreased monotonically for the hearing group as the format became more textual. However, it stayed approximately at the same level for the hard-of-hearing group.In 2007, we carried out further analysis on eye movement data that were collected in the above-mentioned experiment. We found that only in the labeled-pictogram condition, the hearing group and the hard-of-hearing group performed equally well in terms of the number of fixations and the fixation times. We conclude that labeled-pictogram representation has advantage over text representation. This implies that the participants gathered information necessary to select a directory most efficiently when the directories were represented by text and pictograms. We suggest that web site designers should use labeled-pictogram to achieve fest and easy navigability of directory-based web sites.