Revisit to the Peruvian Andes : Anthropological Studies on the dynamics in the Peasant Societies

在秘鲁，20世纪50年代爆发了农民社区土著居民向城市地区的大规模迁移。这种人口流动使传统文化逐渐在全国广大地区传播。此外，自上个世纪后半叶以来，它一直处于加速全球化的环境中。然而，这些现象已经渗透到该地区，不仅是一种简单的文化传播，而且是一种适应当地社会文化状况的形式。因此，我们可以很容易地观察到新的文化创造以及当地社会中现有和新的文化因素的活力。但是，仅仅将这些社会文化变化归结为诸如移民或全球化等显性因素是草率的，因为问题更为复杂。事实上，根据我们的实地调查和询问，某一社会文化变量并不总是产生相同的结果，相反，不同的变量也可能导致相似甚至相同的结果。在这个项目中，我们进行了归纳和实证研究，考虑到社会文化变化是什么，以证明在这三四十年里，秘鲁的社会文化结构的大多数方面几乎没有变化。

In Peru, it was 1950,s that the enormous migration of the indigenous people in the peasant communities to the urban area broke out. This human flow has caused gradually the diffusion of traditional culture in the vast area in the country. Besides, it has been exposed to the accelerating globalization since the second half of the last century. These phenomena, however, have penetrated to the area not only as a simple cultural diffusion but also in a form of adaptation to the local socio-cultural situation. As a result, we can observe with ease the new culture creation as well as the dynamism of the existing and new cultural elements in the local societies. But it is hasty to analyze these socio-cultural changes merely reducing into the overt factors such as migration or globalization, because the issue is more complicated. In facts, according to our field research and inquiries, a certain socio-cultural variable does not always bring out the same result, nor, on the contrary, different variables could cause the similar or even the same result, too. In this project we have carried out the inductive and positivist studies considering what the socio-cultural changes are, to prove that there have been little change in most of aspects in the socio-cultural structure during these thirty or forty years in Peru.