Co-existence and Exclusion in the Conceptualization of "Kami" and "Buddha" : Concepts of Transcendental Beings in the History of Japanese Ethical Thought

为了考虑“甲米”概念之间的联系，（日本神）与“佛”的关系，我们考察了以下几个问题：（上原）小路神话中对佛教的排斥;（吉田）日本两岐神话中精神概念所揭示的对“甲米”与“佛”共存的接受;《今昔物语》中释迦牟尼佛与佛教神灵形象之比较（柏木）关于战国后期~江户中期的“十”的阶级观念（被认为是上天的意志或命运），允许“甲米”和“佛”的共存，丰泽调查的可能性，两个“十”的看法成为合并。吉田指出，正是由于“甲米”和“佛”在民间思想中的广泛融合，才导致了江户后期和明治初期的复兴神道（国学运动的一个项目）。迄今为止，这项研究成果已出版了两本书和五篇文章。此外，我们目前正在编制一个在崇拜八幡神或大菩萨八幡时收到的神谕信息的年表，我们相信这将成为研究八幡崇拜的基本资源。

In order to consider connections between the conceptions of "kami" (Japanese gods) and "Buddha", we have examined the following issues : The exclusion of Buddhism in the mythology of Kojiki (Uehara) ; Acceptance of the co-existence of "kami" and "Buddha", as revealed by the concept of the spirit that we find in Nihon ryoiki (Yoshida) ; The contrast between depictions of Shakyamuni-Buddha and Buddhist deities in Konjaku monogatari-shu (Kashiwagi) .Concerning late-Sengoku～mid-Edo period warrior-class conception of "ten" (perceived as Heaven's will or fate) that allowed for the co-existence of "kami" and "Buddha", Toyosawa has investigated the possibility that two perceptions of "ten" became merged. Yoshida has demonstrated that it was the pervasive intermingling of "kami" and "Buddha" in popular thought that gave rise to Revivalist Shinto (as a project of the National Learning, or kokugaku, movement) in the late-Edo and early-Meiji periods.To date, the results of this research have been published in the form of two books and five articles. In addition, we are currently compiling a chronology of oracular messages received during worship of Hachiman-shin or Great Bodhisattva Hachiman, one that we believe will become a fundamental resource in the study of the Hachiman worship.