Liability of third parties who are involved in a breach of trust

本研究探讨了违反信托行为中涉及的第三方责任的要素和范围。在英国，一个不诚实地协助违反信托的人，他个人有责任赔偿受益人与他协助违反信托的受托人相同的程度，或者将他的不法行为的利润交给他们。被误导的信托财产或其可追溯收益的接受者，如果知道该财产是违反信托而转移的，应当为了信托的利益而持有该财产。但是，如果他不这样做，则他个人有责任恢复财产的价值，但受益人不能对他保留的任何财产或收益提出所有权要求。英国的一些法律学者和加拿大的一些案例认为，明知收受人对收受财产的价值负有严格的不当得利责任，而另一些人则认为，不应将明知收受归为不当得利责任。

This research examines the element and the scope of the liability of third parties who are involved in a breach of trust.In England, a person who dishonestly assists in a breach of trust is personally liable to compensate the beneficiaries to the same extent as the trustee whose breach he assists, or to disgorge the profits of his wrongdoing to them.A recipient of misdirected trust property or its traceable proceeds who knows that it was transferred in breach of trust should hold the property for the benefit of the trust. If, however, he acts otherwise, then he will be personally liable to restore the value of the property to the extent that the beneficiary cannot make a proprietary claim for any property or proceeds he retains. Some legal scholars in England and some cases in Canada have argued that knowing recipients should owe a strict liability in unjust enrichment for the value of the property received while others suggest that knowing receipt should not be collapsed into a liability in unjust enrichment.