Study on the Development of PDCA system in Social Studies

本研究的目的是提出如何改进社会学课的建议。提出两点建议：一是明确整课结构的各个阶段、课程的组织形式、课程的教学技巧、课程的预期学习效果和实际情况以及学习者的知识、技能和态度，并将每个阶段的课程结构与计划-做-查-做结合起来，形成PDCA循环。二是提出了改进课程的新方法论，即螺旋式PDCA循环。这种螺旋式的PDCA循环包括根据第一阶段的学习结果来确定课程类型，第二阶段根据每一种素质形成来确定课程的PDCA循环，以及通过审查并俯视从业者所依赖的相对化的课程观点与第三阶段的其他课程观点的差异来改进课程的PDCA循环。

The purpose of this study is to suggest how the social studies lesson should be improved. There are two suggestions as follows.The first one is to make a clear distinction between each stage of the lesson structure of whole lessons, the organization of the lesson, and the teaching skill to lessons, expected learning outcome and fact of the lesson, as well as knowledge, skill, and attitude of learners, and then combine each stage of the lesson structure with Plan-Do-Check-Action in order to integrate them as PDCA cycle. The second is to propose a new methodology for improvement of the lesson, namely, spiral PDCA cycle. This spiral PDCA cycle consists of decision of lesson type by learning outcome at the first stage, PDCA cycle for the lesson according to each quality formation at the second stage, and PDCA cycle with which the lesson is improved by examining and then looking down upon the difference between the relativized view on the lesson, upon which the practitioner depends, and other views on the lesson at the third stage.