Molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell maturation in response to pattern sensing

RNA病毒的应答导致I型干扰素的诱生和细胞免疫。I型干扰素是宿主细胞抵抗急性病毒感染的关键因子，而树突状细胞(DC)由多个亚群组成，对慢性病毒感染诱导不同的应答。CD8a+DC高水平表达TLR3，代表外源性抗原的交叉提呈。它们还能诱导NK细胞激活以对抗病毒。病毒RNA被摄取到内体，TLR3位于CD8a+DC中。TLR3深入参与了CTL的诱导过程，即交叉启动。多种多样的RNA传感器的存在反映了病毒种类的变化，每种病毒在宿主中生存的行为不同。多种抗病毒免疫反应反映了RNA传感器的存在，该传感器覆盖了不同宿主细胞中具有病毒对病毒差异的RNA。

RNA virus response results in induction of type I interferon (IFN) and cellular immunity. Type I IFN is a pivotal factor for host cell protection against acute viral infection, whereas dendritic cells (DC), consisting of multiple subsets, induce variable responses against chronic viral infections. CD8a+ DC express high levels of TLR3 and represent cross-presentation of exogenous antigens. They also induce NK cell activation against viruses. Viral RNA is taken up into the endosome where TLR3 is situated in CD8a+ DC. TLR3 is profoundly involved in the step of CTL induction, namely cross-priming. The presence of multifarious RNA sensors reflects the variation of viral species, each of which behaves differentially to survive in the host. A variety of antiviral immune response reflects the presence of RNA sensors covering RNAs with virus-to-virus differences in various host cells.