Molecular epidemiology of tick borne-emerging infectious disease, Anaplasmosis, Spotted fever, and Lyme borreliosis in East Asian countries.

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The prevalence of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) agent, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and relapsing fever agent, Borrelia miyamotoi, in reservoir animals and vector ticks in East Asia, including Japan, were examined. Anaplasma was detected from Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, and Selenge in Mongolia. In Kochi Prefecture, Japan, two patients were confirmed retrospectively to be infected with Anaplasma and the agent detected was similar to those from ticks collected in far-east Russia. Relapsing fever-causing Borrelia was detected in ticks collected in Irkutsk and Khabarovsk, indicating that relapsing fever should be involved in the diagnosis of tick bite patients. Variant Anaplasma was detected in wild rodents captured in Taiwan. This agent has not been found in ticks collected in Taiwan and also China.Polysaccharide antigen extracted from spotted fever Rickettsia under alkaline condition could be used as antigen for Dot-ELISA-based serodiagnosis.