Critical Online Edition of the Nuncial Reports of Eugenio Pacelli (1917-1929)

后来的教皇庇护十二世（1939-1958）欧亨尼奥·帕切利是20世纪最具争议的人物之一。对一些人来说，他只是“希特勒的教皇”（J.康沃尔），对另一些人来说，他是“犹太人民最伟大的恩人”（P.拉皮德）。永无休止的，关于他和天主教会过去的经常激烈的辩论表明，直到今天，这些问题对自我仍然很重要，关于联邦共和国德国天主教徒的概念。帕切利在1917年至1929年担任驻德国大使和1930年至1939年担任红衣主教国务卿期间对梵蒂冈政治的贡献直到1939年3月2日他当选教皇，就他对大屠杀的“沉默”而言，还没有得到充分的考虑。然而，正是在德国的这十二年，对他的个人网络、他的感知和行动模式以及他的教皇政治，特别是对第三赖希的政治，都起了至关重要的作用。从2003年到2006年，帕切利作为罗马教廷驻慕尼黑和柏林（梵蒂冈的欧洲和世界政治中心）的大使，每天（有时甚至一天几次）向罗马发送综合报告，这些报告可以在梵蒂冈秘密档案中找到。这些报告远不止是庇护十二世“沉默”背景的细节：它们代表了魏玛时期关于德国天主教的最重要的连贯语料库。它们为天主教会在魏玛共和国的发展和作用，以及那些年德国和欧洲的政治和日常文化开辟了一个新的视角。此外，他们揭示了帕切利的决策过程，以及对外交部的结构和个人网络。因此，该项目提供的基础研究不仅与历史科学和神学有关，而且与其他学科，如语言学，法学和政治和文化科学有关。与罗马的德国历史研究所（DHI）和梵蒂冈秘密档案馆（ASV）合作，帕切利的报告（约5.400）以及他从罗马收到的指示（约4.100）加上相关附件（约5.500）被收集，批判性地编辑，评论，解释并提供给研究和一般国际公众（见www.pacelli-edition.de）。该版本（共约19，500份文件）必须遵守开放获取的原则，因此使用了基于网络的数据库的技术机会。这样，评注就被反复联系起来，草案的起源，包括其所有修订阶段，都通过所谓的“层次模型”以彩色显示。通过与计算机科学家合作开发的这种创新解决方案，该项目还有助于人文学科技术基础设施的发展。

Eugenio Pacelli, the later pope Pius XII (1939-1958), is one of the most controversial personalities of the 20th century. For some he simply is "Hitler's Pope" (J. Cornwall), for others he is "the greatest benefactor of the Jewish people" (P. Lapide). The never-ending, frequently heated debates on him and on the past of the Catholic Church in general show that until the present day these issues have remained important for the self-conception of the Catholics in the Federal Republic of Germany.Pacelli's contribution to the Vatican's politics in his role as nuncio in Germany from 1917 to 1929 and as cardinal secretary of state from 1930 to 1939 until his election to pope on 2nd March 1939 has not been sufficiently taken into account as far as his "silence" regarding the Holocaust is concerned. However, precisely those twelve years in Germany have been crucial in shaping his personal network, his patterns of perception and action and with it also his papal politics, especially vis-à-vis the Third Reich. Ever since 2003 and 2006 the comprehensive reports that Pacelli daily, sometimes even several times a day, dispatched to Rome as nuncio in Munich and Berlin, the hub of the Vatican's European and world politics, are accessible in the Vatican Secret Archives.These reports are by far more than just a detail of the background of Pius' XII "silence": they represent the most important coherent corpus of sources on German Catholicism during the Weimar years. They open up a new perspective on the development and on the role of the Catholic Church in the Weimar Republic, but also on the politics and everyday culture of those years in Germany and Europe. Moreover, they shed light on Pacelli's decision making processes as well as on the structures and personal networks of the nunciature. The basic research that the project offers is therefore not only relevant for the historical science and for theology, but also for other disciplines such as philology, jurisprudence and political and cultural sciences. In collaboration with the German Historical Institute in Rome (DHI) and the Vatican Secret Archives (ASV), Pacelli's reports (roughly 5.400) as well as the directives that he received from Rome (about 4.100) plus the pertaining attachments (about 5.500) are gathered, edited critically, commented, interpreted and made accessible to research and to the general international public (see www.pacelli-edition.de). The edition (of altogether about 19.500 documents) is obliged to the principles of Open Access and consequently uses the technical opportunities of a web-based data bank. This way, commentaries are repeatedly linked and the genesis of a draft including all its revision stages is illustrated in colour by means of the so-called "layer model". With such innovative solutions, which have been developed in cooperation with computer scientists, the project also contributes to the development of the technical infrastructure in the humanities.