A Basic Study on the Curriculum of the Physical Education in Elementary School : The Developmental Changes on the Situational Judgment in Ball Games with Age and Optimum Time for Learning the Situational Judgment in Ball Games.

本研究旨在探讨球类游戏中情境判断能力随年龄的发展变化，以及学习球类游戏中情境判断的最佳时间。从游戏的角度观察了二、四、六年级儿童情境判断能力的学年差异，如每次游戏的持球时间和线-口-球游戏(过渡性混战类型)中的拦截次数。被选择的对大量光信号仔细反应的反应时在2-4年级比4-6年级显著缩短。结果表明，低年级学生对篮球、足球等攻防杂乱型球类运动的学习准备不足，线门球类项目的进攻完成率(投篮数/增球数*100)分别从小学三年级的45%左右提高到六年级的65%，篮球类12节课后从25%上升到55%。在比赛中更紧密的合作，比如传球和投篮，这是两场比赛的核心技能，在高年级学生中更明显。由此可见，高年级儿童的情境判断能力比初中生有较大的提高。本研究结果表明，高年级儿童学习球类游戏中的情境判断能力是可能的，学习的最佳时机是使用攻防混杂型球类游戏的小学高年级儿童。

The purpose of this study were to clarify the developmental changes on the situational judgment in ball games with age and the optimum time for learning the situational judgment in ball games.The school year difference of the situational judgment sbilities were observed between 2nd, 4th and sixth grade children, from a game aspect as a ball-holding time of each play and a number of intercept in the line-port-ball-game (transitional-melee type).The shortening of the selected reaction time, which was responded to a lot of light signal carefully, were occured remarkably from 2nd to 4th than from 4th to sixth graders. However, numbers of miss seeing the light signal for elementary children were many than that of adults.These results suggested that the low-graders do not have a readiness for learning the offense-defense-jumbled type ball game such as basketball and soccer.Rate of completion in attack (numbers of shoot/number of ball gain*100) of the line-port-ball-game increased from about 45% for third graders to 65% for sixth graders, and it for basketball from 25% to 55% after 12 lessons, respectively. And a closer cooperation in the play, such as pass to shoot, which was a core skill of the both game, was more discernible among high-graders. This shows that the situational judgment ability has improved greatly in the high-graders than in the middle-graders.The present results suggested that the learning the situational judgment in ball games thus appears possible on the part of middle-grade, and the best time for learning are in the high-grade elementary school children using the offense-defense-jumbled type ball games.