A Basic Study on the Curriculum of the Physical Education in Elementary School : Optimum Time for Learning the Technique for Baton Passing in Relay Race and the Two Ball Games styles of offense-defense-separated type and offense-defense-jambled type.

本研究的目的在于明确接力赛和球类比赛接力棒技术学习的最佳时间。与其他年级相比，三年级的接力赛成绩有显著提高，但随着年级的提高而降低。然而，在三年级的时候，由于接力棒的技术还不够熟练，接力赛的时间比成员们50米短跑的总时间还要长。学习成绩以其余成员50米冲刺总时间中接力赛时间来衡量，且年级越高越明显。高年级儿童接力赛成绩的提高主要靠接力棒技术的提高，而不是靠冲刺能力的提高。本研究结果表明，四年级学生有可能学习接力棒传递技术，而六年级学生学习接力棒传递技术的最佳时间是六年级。对二、三、四年级各2个班级（共6个班），攻防分离型（打靶游戏）和攻防混杂型（足球）两种游戏类型，考察哪一年级学生的学习效果（态度得分、游戏进攻完成率等）最高。二年级儿童在目标击中游戏中的态度得分、攻击完成率较足球游戏有显著提高。另一方面，四年级儿童在足球游戏中的态度得分、进攻完成率均高于目标击中游戏。以上结果表明，儿童学习打靶游戏的最佳时间为小学二年级。而学习足球也因此在四年级的孩子身上显得可能。从这些对球类运动的研究可以认为，随着年级的提高，从“攻防分离型*过渡近战型*攻防混杂型”的教材开发方式有可能成为一种响应问题解决小学生的学习任务（教材）。少

The purpose of this study is to clarity the optimum time for learning the technique for baton passing in relay race and the ball games.The time of relay race for the third grade was improved remarkably as compared to the other grade, and the improvement decreased with grade level. However, in the third grade, who had not become skillfull enough in baton passing, the time of relay race was longer than total time of 50-meter sprint for members.The result of learning was judged by the remainder taken the time of relay race from the total time of 50-meter sprint for members, and it was bigger in higher grade. Higher grade children advanced the time of relay race by the improvement in the technique for baton passing not in the ability of sprint.The present results suggested that the learning the technique for baton passing thus appears possible on the part of fourth grade students, and the best time for learning the technique for baton passing is when student are in the sixth grade.For 2 cl … More asses each (6 classes in total) of the second, third and fourth grade and for 2 game-styles of offense-defense-separated type (target-hitting-game) and offense-defense-jumbled type (soccer) , it was examined which grader would bring about the greatest learning results (attitude score, attack completion rate in the game etc).The second grade children was improved the attitude score, attack completion rate in the target hitting-game remarkably as compared to the soccer. On the ather hand, the fourth grade children was improved the attitude score, attack completion rate in the soccer than target hitting-game.From above results suggested that the optimum time for learning the target-hitting-game was when children were in the second grade in elementary school term.And the learning the soccer thus appears possible on the 4th grade children.From these studies on ballgames, it can be considered that the way of learning of developing teaching materials from the "offense-defense-separated type * transitional-melee type * offense-defense-jumbled type" with the increase of school grades has a possibility to become a learning tasks (teaching material) responding to problem solutions pupils. Less