A Basic Study on the Curriculum of the Physical Education in Elementary School : Appropriate Time to Learn the Running High Jump

本研究的目的是明确学生学习跑跳高（剪刀跳）的时间。对小学四年级至六年级的320名儿童进行了13节课的跳高技术改进测试。我们没有发现学习对各年级学生跳高成绩（高度）的影响有显著差异。高跳技能指数[HJS=(Record-1/2Height)/纵跳X 100]显示，13节课后，四年级：73.1分，五年级：74.2分，六年级：76.5分。而腾空和起跳技能对成绩随练习增加的贡献率，四年级分别为91.8%和8.2%，五年级分别为66.7%和33.2%，六年级分别为39.3%和60.7%。而四年级学生在整个课程中并不能提高跑步跳高的形象，即六年级学生的认知领域的效果明显好于四年级和五年级。本研究结果提示，四年级学生有可能学习跳高起跳技术，而小学六年级学生学习跳高起跳技术的最佳时间为小学六年级。此外，我们还设置了跑步跳高的两个体育教学过程。F组只做剪刀跳和背翻，S组只做剪刀跳。课后HJS指数F组为87.7分，高于S组（79.3分）。我们得出的结论是，即使是小学生，也应该从剪刀跳到背地跳高，而不仅仅是剪刀跳。

The purpose of this study is to clarity the time for learning the Running High Jump(Scissors jump). Improvements in the skill of High Jump were examined, using 320 elementary school children in the fourth to sixth grade in 13 lessons.We can not found of significant difference for the effect of learning on high jump performance(Height) among each grade. High jump skill index [HJS=(Record-1/2Height)/vertical jump X 100] showed 4th grade : 73.1 point, 5th grade 74.2 point and 6th grade 76.5 point, respectively after 13 lessons.However, the percent contribution of clearance and take-off skill to increment of performance with practice were 91.8% and 8.2% at 4th grade, 66.7% and 33.2% at 5th grade and 39.3% and 60.7% at 6th grade, respectively.And 4th grade could not improved the image of the running high jump throughout the courses, that is, the effect of cognitive domain of the 6th grade is much better than 4th and 5th grade.The present results suggested that the learning the technique for clearance thus appears possible on the 4th grade students, and the best time for learning the technique for take-off in running high jump is when students are in the 6th grade in elementary school term.In addition, we set two processes of physical education course for running high jumping. F group was instructed the scissors jump and fosbury flop, the other S group was instructed the scissors jump only.HJS index of F group indicated 87.7 point after lesson, that was larger that of S group (79.3 point).We concluded that it is desirable to instruct even elementary school children from the scissors jump to the fosbury flop rather than only the scissors jump.