A Study of Sport Infrastructure and Clubs in Community

本研究旨在透过检视社区体育系统，建构社区体育基础设施的评价指标。本研究分为社区体育俱乐部研究和社区体育基础设施研究两部分。采用了文献综述、实地工作和问卷调查的综合方法。实地工作在体育示范地区和社区体育俱乐部进行。在对社区体育俱乐部的研究中，采用邮件调查的方法获得了144份问卷。对多种运动俱乐部和特定运动俱乐部之间的数据进行分析。结果表明，在会员数量、总预算、设施、活动安排、领导与指导、管理政策等方面存在显著差异。应当指出，只有四分之一的多种运动俱乐部需要缴纳会费。在完成这些俱乐部之间政府的财政援助后，将会有困难。在社区体育基础设施研究中，对687个城市进行问卷调查，回收问卷385份。采用由29个指标组成的3个因素对社区体育基础设施进行评价：硬服、软服和人服。结果表明，大约80%的城市向社区开放了一半的学校体育设施。根据硬件、软件、人体和总体基础设施的调查结果，提名了前20名城市。提出了促进社区体育发展的切实可行的政策和策略。

The purpose of this study was to construct the indicies for evaluating sport infrastructures in the community by means of examinining sport systems in communities. This study was conprized of two parts : a study of community sport clubs and a study of sport infrastructures in the community. An integrative approach using a review of the literature, field works and questionnaire surveys has been adopted. Field works were conducted in both model regions in sport and community sport clubs.In the study of community sport clubs, 144 questionnaires were obtained by means of mail survey method. Data were analyzed between multi-sports clubs and a sport-specific clubs. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the number of members, total budget, facilities, activities schedules, leaders and instructors, management policies. It should be noted that among only a quarter of multi-sports clubs membership fee was required. There would be diffiiculties after completing the financial assistance from governments among those clubs.In the study of sport infrastructures in the community, a questionnaire survey was conducted to 687 cities, while 385 questionnaires were returned. Three factors consisting of 29 indicies were used for evaluating sport infrastructures in the community : hardwear, softwear, and humanwear. The results indicated that approximately 80% of all cities opened half of the school sport facilities to the people in the community. Top twenty cities were nominated according to the findings of hardwear, softwear, humanwear, and total infrastructure. Practical policies and strategies in promoting sport in community were suggested.