Cognitive Control in Children of SUD Parents: A Longitudinal Multimodal MRI Study

在COVID-19大流行的背景下，经济和种族/民族差异都急剧扩大， 展示出来，会带来生与死COVID-19是一个致命的警钟， 更好地了解现有的社会、经济和健康差距如何加剧其后果 在灾难发生后，在这种情况下，一种致命的流行病。如果我们要发展 为了更好地应对未来的流行病，特别重要的是要了解COVID- 19正在影响不同种族/民族社区的物质使用（SU）和心理健康（MH）。因此，我们认为， 这项压力和COVID-19（S&C）研究旨在通过扩展正在进行的研究来解决这些问题， 它立即进入了这个领域，并从四个正在进行的项目中随机挑选参与者， 纵向流行病学研究，检查约克市不同类型的创伤和压力的影响 大都会地区，COVID-19的中心。总之，这些研究涵盖了广泛的社会经济地位， 种族/民族多样性（49%为少数民族; 51%为白色），参与者在多个波中被彻底描述 关键压力源、创伤以及SU和MH的全面诊断评估期间的数据。第一波 建议中的统计调查研究于2020年3月中旬展开，以捕捉早期指标，现正进行访问， 通过电话，从4项正在进行的研究（N= 6，178）中随机选择（n= 1，000）参与者，包括 父母补助研究，重点是（98%）少数民族人口，并评估多方面的影响 COVID目前具有，特别是在SU和MH行为上，预期样本N=800。 要求本补编是为了支持后续阶段，后续阶段将包括另外两波数据 收集，在第一波结束后6个月和9个月（1-3个月）， 数据本补充文件将允许对COVID-19对SU和MH的影响进行纵向轨迹分析 结果。重要的是，这种S&C研究设计还允许利用2-4波详细的COVID前- 每个受试者的19个数据，包括SU和MH行为和诊断，以及广泛的重要风险 COVID后结果的因素。因此，本补编将支持调查哪些因素预测 COVID驱动的SU和MH结果的轨迹，以及其他COVID驱动的生活变化。队列 最初选择这些儿童是因为他们接触过不同形式的童年 创伤：包括灾难（9/11），父母参与刑事司法系统和父母SUD。因此，在本发明中， 这项拟议中的研究将帮助我们确定先前的创伤如何影响随后的COVID-19行为， SU和MH在不同的暴露和不同的种族/民族和社会经济群体。采取 总之，这项拟议研究的设计特点代表了一个独特的机会，以研究如何预先存在的 目前的差异导致了SU和MH负担的COVID-19结果差异。

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both economic and racial/ethnic disparities have been dramatically on display, with life and death consequences. COVID-19 serves as a deadly wake-up call regarding the need to better understand how existing social, economic and health disparities are compounded in their consequences on disadvantaged communities in the wake of disaster, in this case, a deadly pandemic. If we are to develop improved preparations for responding to future epidemics, it is especially important to understand how COVID- 19 is affecting substance use (SU) and mental health (MH) across different racial/ethnic communities. Therefore, this Stress and COVID-19 (S&C) Study is designed to address such questions by expanding an ongoing study, which immediately entered the field and is recruiting a random selection of participants from four ongoing, longitudinal epidemiologic studies examining the impact of different types of trauma and stress in the York City metropolitan area, epicenter of COVID-19. Taken together, these studies encompass a broad range of SES and racial/ethnic diversity (49% minority; 51% white), with the participants thoroughly characterized in multiple waves of data during key stressors, traumas, as well as thorough diagnostic assessments of SU and MH. The first wave of the proposed S&C Study, which was initiated in mid-March 2020 to capture early indicators, is interviewing, via telephone, a random selection (n=1,000) of participants drawn from four ongoing studies (N=6,178) including the Parent Grant study which is focused on a (98%) minority population, and assessing the multifaceted impacts that COVID is CURRENTLY having, especially on SU and MH behaviors, expecting a sample of N=800. This Supplement is requested to support the follow-up phase, which will consist of two additional waves of data collection, at six and nine months after the conclusion of the first wave (months 1-3) and analysis of all waves of data. This Supplement will allow for a longitudinal trajectory analysis of the COVID-19 impact on SU and MH outcomes. Importantly, this S&C Study design also allows for the utilization of 2-4 waves of detailed pre-COVID- 19 data on each subject, including SU and MH behaviors and diagnoses, and a wide range of important risk factors for post-COVID outcomes. Thus, this Supplement will support the investigation of which factors predict COVID-driven trajectories of SU and MH outcomes, as well as other COVID-driven life changes. The cohorts being combined for this study were originally chosen for their unique exposures to different forms of childhood trauma: including disaster (9/11), parental involvement with the criminal justice system and parental SUD., Thus, this proposed study will help us determine how prior trauma impacts subsequent COVID-19 behaviors, especially SU and MH across different exposures and across disparate racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Taken together, the design features of this proposed study represent a unique opportunity to examine how pre-existing and current disparities are contributing to COVID-19 outcome disparities in SU and MH burden.