Olfactory neuromodulation of visual circuits and behavior

项目总结 在美国，有相当大比例的人因创伤而致残 损伤、中风或退行性疾病，导致认知功能的神秘缺陷。 因此，对复杂脑的神经元回路的基本性质的理解 功能，以及这些回路是如何被生物胺调制的，将使我们的 了解正常大脑，从而突出病理并促进治疗。 大脑的一个主要功能是整合不同感觉模式的信息，以使 敏锐而有力的感知。不同感觉模式的细胞回路机制 互动还没有被很好地理解。该项目将利用重大的试验性项目 果蝇优势探索果蝇的分子逻辑和神经联系 产生多感官整合知觉的基本形式。苍蝇表现得很健壮 多感官感知，将嗅觉信号与视觉处理相结合以增强 感知能力。此外，感觉回路已被证明处于强健状态。 生物胺的神经调节控制。类似的流程已被本地化到子 人类和非人类灵长类动物的皮质和皮质通路。苍蝇在数字上有一个 紧凑的神经系统，高度先进的基因技术可以用来 识别、操作和记录单个神经元和神经分泌细胞的活动，如 以及它们的上游和下游突触伙伴和分子成分。《少年派》 假设苍蝇大脑将嗅觉检测与视觉处理通过 携带相当于去甲肾上腺素的化学成分的神经调节细胞。PI将执行 双光子Ca~(2+)成像研究PI刺激下的活体果蝇活动 发现了在虚拟现实系统中引发健壮的多模式集成行为。《少年派》 将使用光遗传学成像技术将信号写入这些电路路径，以评估输入输出 一只完好无损的苍蝇的功能。

Project summary A significant percentage of people in the US suffer from disabilities resulting from traumatic injury, stroke, or degenerative disease which result in enigmatic deficits in cognitive function. Therefore, an understanding of the fundamental properties of neuronal circuits for complex brain function, and how these circuits are modulated by biogenic amines, will sharpen our understanding of the normal brain, thereby highlighting pathology and facilitating treatments. A major function of the brain is to integrate information across sensory modalities to enable sharp and robust perception. The cell-circuit mechanism for how different sensory modalities interact is not well understood. This project will capitalize on the significant experimental advantages of the fruit fly Drosophila to explore the molecular logic and neural connections that produce an elementary form of multisensory integration perception. The fly displays robust multisensory perception, integrating olfactory signals with visual processing to enhance perceptual abilities. Furthermore, sensory circuits have been shown to be under robust neuromodulatory control by biogenic amines. Similar processes have been localized to sub- cortical and cortical pathways in humans and non-human primates. The fly has a numerically compact nervous system, with which highly advanced genetic techniques can be used to identify, manipulate, and record activity from individual neurons and neurosecretory cells, as well as their upstream and downstream synaptic partners and molecular components. The PI hypothesizes that the fly brain couples olfactory sensory detection to visual processing through neuromodulatory cells that carry the chemical equivalent of norepinephrine. The PI will perform two-photon Ca2+ imaging to ‘read’ activity from live flies in response to stimuli the PI has discovered elicit robust multi-modal integration behavior within a virtual reality system. The PI will use optogenetics imaging to ‘write’ signals into these circuit pathways to assess input-output functions from an intact behaving fly.