Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, COVID-19- Related Psychosocial Stress, and Neurodevelopment.

产前的化学物质和儿童时期的社交暴露对儿童的注意力问题有复杂的影响。 到目前为止，注意力问题的病因研究主要集中在内生、内部因素上。 如遗传学，很少注意外源环境因素的贡献，如 神经毒性暴露。在父母奖励中，我们发现产前ETS之间存在显著的关联 暴露与儿童额纹状体环路的结构和功能。此外，两者之间的关联 胎儿期ETS暴露和注意力问题是由额纹状体结构的变化引起的。这些 研究结果来自职业发展奖中提出的研究和培训计划 支持申请人成为美国国立卫生研究院资助的独立调查员。这项补充资金 将允许首席调查员研究新冠肺炎相关的心理社会应激源或急性应激 症状放大了产前暴露于环境烟草烟雾(ETS)对儿童大脑的影响 功能和注意力。用这笔补充资金获得的数据将检验这样一个假设，即 新冠肺炎大流行相关的心理社会应激源或急性应激症状的水平将在以前放大 产前暴露ETS对额纹状体环路和注意结构和功能的影响 这个巡回赛道所解决的问题。通过这一职业发展奖，马戈利斯博士 发展了利用神经成像研究神经毒性环境暴露的影响的专业知识 大脑发育和表现出的学习和注意力问题。目前的补充资料 家长奖将允许马戈利斯博士通过获取和分析纵向分析来进一步发展她的技能 功能磁共振成像(FMRI)数据。此外，这笔资金将支持她分析数据 来自新环境对儿童健康结局的影响(ECHO)新冠肺炎急性应激 她与人合写了一份调查问卷。她将传播这些评分和解释的方法 她作为ECHO神经发展工作组联合主席的角色中的急性应激问题。 相关性：目前的研究将使我们能够确定与大流行相关的心理社会应激源和 急性应激症状增加了ETS的行为和神经生物学效应。此类信息可以 允许从业者通过解决急性应激症状和其他流行病来治疗注意力问题- 相关的心理社会压力因素(学校和家庭因素)。这种方法还可以为公众生成数据 向心理健康和儿科从业者发送健康信息，以考虑增加压力的广泛影响 以及未来大流行期间一系列其他精神健康问题的压力源。

Prenatal chemical and childhood social exposures have compounding effects on children’s attention problems. To date, research on the etiology of attention problems has focused largely on endogenous, internal factors such as genetics, with little attention paid to the contribution of exogenous, environmental factors, such as neurotoxic exposures. In the parent award we detected significant associations between prenatal ETS exposure and the structure and function of children’s frontostriatal circuitry. Further, associations between prenatal ETS exposure and attention problems were mediated by changes in frontostriatal structure. These findings derive from the research and training program proposed in a Career Development Award that has supported the applicant towards becoming an NIH-funded independent investigator. This supplement funding will allow the Principal Investigator to study if COVID-19-related psychosocial stressors or acute stress symptoms magnify the effects of prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children’s brain function and attention. The data acquired with this supplemental funding will test the hypothesis that higher levels of COVID-19 pandemic-related psychosocial stressors or acute stress symptoms will amplify previously detected effects of prenatal ETS exposure on the structure and function of frontostriatal circuitry and attention problems that are subserved by this circuit. Through this Career Development Award, Dr. Margolis has developed expertise in using neuroimaging to study of the effects of neurotoxic environmental exposures on brain development and the manifestation of learning and attention problems. The current supplement to the parent award will allow Dr. Margolis to further develop her skills through acquiring and analyzing longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In addition, this funding will support her in analyzing data from the new Environmental influences on Children’s Health Outcomes (ECHO) COVID-19 Acute Stress Questionnaire, which she co-authored. She will disseminate these methods for scoring and interpreting the Acute Stress questions in her role as Co-chair of the ECHO neurodevelopment working group. RELEVANCE: The current research will allow us to determine if pandemic-related psychosocial stressors and acute stress symptoms increase the behavioral and neurobiological effects of ETS. Such information may allow practitioners to treat attention problems through addressing acute stress symptoms and other pandemic- related psychosocial stressors (school and family factors). This approach may also generate data for public health messaging to mental health and pediatrics practitioners to consider the broad effects of increased stress and stressors on a range of other mental health problems during future pandemics.