Reward Devaluation, Positive Valence System Disturbance, and Impairment

摘要/项目摘要 目标。目前的研究将评估测试报酬贬值理论原理及其能力的任务 预测一组正常人的心理痛苦和随时间变化的功能。 精神病理学的异常症状。这一应用程序具有重要的创新性，并具有很大的前景 实验治疗学翻译。背景资料。抑郁症是老年人残疾的主要原因 15到44岁，对公共卫生的成本很高。因此，非常需要对潜在的预测因素进行研究，以帮助 更好地指导治疗干预。报酬贬值理论概述了回避的实验指标 表示正价系统的扰动的正性，这些正价系统在 抑郁的人。因此，报酬贬值理论可以推进正价系统的扰动 是概念化的，有助于预测抑郁症的治疗反应。意义重大。多组元- 支持奖励贬值理论的分析结果表明，抑郁症患者避免奖励 刺激物。这是一种判别性发现，在焦虑的个体中不存在，在检查时也不存在。 对负面刺激的反应。创新。因此，报酬贬值理论是一个高度创新的框架 解释抑郁症所指示的正价系统紊乱的内表型预测因子 症状。逃避奖励(即贬值，而不仅仅是缺乏估值)是一个调查不足的问题。 PI已经发现的现象。我们的研究团队还发现了一些证据表明 (1)奖赏贬值和(2)快感缺乏的可分离的认知/情感成分可以映射到 通过网络分析获得时间。这为未来的翻译提供了非常精确的认知/情感路径。因此， 这些发现支持我们从科学严谨的分析中得出的新理论。明确的目标。这个 拟议项目的目的是进一步确定报酬贬值和快感缺失途径是如何展开的。 随着时间的推移，它们如何与痛苦和损害相关，以及它们如何与新的认知和自我相关 报告结构理论上与报酬贬值相关。接近。一项纵向研究将检查奖励 抑郁症状从正常到异常的样本中的贬值和快感缺乏。参与者将 每周进行一次评估，为期六周。将使用多层线性和网络建模进行数据分析。 预期结果。评估报酬贬值和快感缺乏的任务将预测抑郁症状 以及随着时间的推移造成的损害。此外，报酬贬值和快感缺失路径将出现在网络中 模型，带有新的认知和自我报告测量，随着时间的推移连接到奖励贬值电路。 未来的发展方向。我们的最终目标是使用任务索引、奖励贬值和快感缺失作为小说的一部分 评估和治疗方案，增加个人的自我意识和参与的准备 作为实验性治疗方法的一部分，可能会威胁到积极的信息。

ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY Objective. The current study will evaluate tasks examining tenets of reward devaluation theory and their ability to predict psychological distress and functioning over time among a sample of individuals with normal-to- abnormal symptoms of psychopathology. This application is significant and innovative and has great promise of experimental therapeutics translation. Background. Depression is the leading cause of disability for people aged 15 to 44, with high costs to public health. There is thus great need for research on underlying predictors that help better guide treatment interventions. Reward Devaluation Theory outlines experimental indicators of avoidance of positivity that represent disturbances of Positive Valence Systems, which are commonly abnormal among depressed persons. Reward Devaluation Theory may thus advance how positive valence systems disturbance is conceptualized and help predict treatment response in depression. Significance. Multiple sets of meta- analytic findings supporting reward devaluation theory indicate that individuals with depression avoid rewarding stimuli. This is a discriminant finding that is not present in anxious individuals and is not present when examining responses to negative stimuli. Innovation. Reward devaluation theory is thus a highly innovative framework for interpreting an endophenotypic predictor of positive valence systems disturbance indicated by depressive symptoms. Avoidance (i.e., devaluation, not just lack of valuation) of reward is an underinvestigated phenomenon that has been uncovered by the PI. Our research team has also uncovered evidence suggesting that separable cognitive/affective components of (1) reward devaluation and (2) anhedonia can be mapped over time via network analysis. This provides highly precise cognitive/affective pathways for future translation. Thus, these sets of findings support our novel theory derived from scientifically rigorous analyses. Specific Aims. The aims of the proposed project are to further determine how reward devaluation and anhedonia pathways unfold over time, how they relate to distress and impairment, and how they are associated with novel cognitive and self- report constructs theoretically related to reward devaluation. Approach. A longitudinal study will examine reward devaluation and anhedonia in a sample with normal-to-abnormal depressive symptom profiles. Participants will be assessed weekly for six weeks. Multilevel linear and network modeling will be used for data analysis. Expected Results. Tasks that assess reward devaluation and anhedonia will predict symptoms of depression and impairment over time. Moreover, the reward devaluation and anhedonia pathways will be present in network models, with novel cognitive and self-report measures connecting to the reward devaluation circuit over time. Future Directions. Our ultimate goal is to use tasks indexing reward devaluation and anhedonia as part of novel assessment and treatment protocols that increase individuals’ self-awareness and readiness to engage with potentially threatening positive information as part of an experimental therapeutics approach.