Socioemotional Functioning in Adulthood and Old Age

虽然关于老龄化社会的讨论主要集中在关注， 也是最近才出现的社会和人力资本的来源， 目前未充分利用。相对而言，人们很少考虑老年人的积极贡献。 更不用说探索建立新的规范和产生新的 社会角色，使老年人及其生活的更广泛社会受益。拟议研究 旨在描述老年人对家庭和社区的贡献， 增加这样的贡献。总体目标是确定和阐明促进 双赢的结果，即老年人为他人的福祉作出贡献， 给他们自己的健康和幸福带来好处。 这项研究在概念上是由社会情绪选择性理论指导的，该理论认为， 时间范围导致动机和情绪的系统性年龄差异， 越来越多的优先级放在情感上有意义的经验。除了继续 在整个五年赠款期内努力完善措施和复制结果， 将被追究。第一个实验检验了祖父母对孙辈具有保护作用的假设 这是由祖父母的情感特征和投资预测。我们还假设， 当孙辈生活在高风险家庭时，这些影响最为明显。第二个目的 考虑了围绕知名和情感上亲近的人构建社会世界的潜在认知成本 其他人，并努力描绘社会环境，提供认知刺激和情感 满意第三个目标是探讨老年社区居民对社区福祉的影响。 我们假设一个社区中老年人的密度越高， 儿童缺勤率和犯罪率降低以及社会凝聚力增强。与社交网络 分析我们将研究高度参与的老年邻居对社会凝聚力的影响 在社区一级。 相关性（参见说明）： 老龄化给21世纪的个人和社会带来了重大挑战。大部分 然而，预期的负担是建立在社会和文化规范的基础上的，这些规范不能鼓励积极的 老年人参与工作场所、家庭和社区。总体目标是 确定和阐明促进双赢结果的条件，在这种结果中，老年人为福祉作出贡献， 以同时有益于自身健康和福祉的方式存在于他人之中。

While discussions about aging societies center mostly around concerns, the growing elderly population also represents a source of social and human capital that has only recently become available and is currently underutilized. There has been relatively little consideration of the positive contributions older people can make to societies and even less exploration of ways to establish new norms and generate new social roles that benefit older people and the broader societies in which they live. The proposed research aims to characterize contributions that older people make to families and neighborhoods and explore ways to increase such contributions. The overarching objective is to identify and illuminate conditions that foster win-win outcomes in which older people contribute to the well-being of others in ways that simultaneously confer benefits to their own health and well-being. The research is guided conceptually by socioemotional selectivity theory, which maintains that changing time horizons result in systematic age differences in motivation and emotion such that aging is associated with increasingly greater priority placed on emotionally meaningful experiences. In addition to continued efforts to refine measures and replicate findings throughout the five-year grant period, three specific aims will be pursued. The first tests the hypothesis that grandparents confer protective effects on grandchildren which are predicted by emotional characteristics and investment of grandparents. We also hypothesize that these effects are most pronounced when grandchildren live in high-risk households. The second aim considers the potential cognitive costs of structuring social worlds around well-known and emotionally close others and strives to characterize social environments that offer both cognitive stimulation and emotional satisfaction. The third aim explores the effects of older community residents on neighborhood well-being. We hypothesize that a higher density of older people in a neighborhood is associated with lower school absenteeism in children and lower crime rates as well as greater social cohesion. With social network analysis we will examine the influence of highly engaged older neighbors on the strength of social cohesion at the community level. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Aging presents significant challenges for individuals and societies in the 21st century. Most of the anticipated burden, however, is predicated on social and cultural norms that fail to encourage active participation of older adults in workplaces, families, and communities. The overarching objective is to identify and illuminate conditions that foster win-win outcomes in which older people contribute to the well- being of others in ways that simultaneously confer benefits to their own health and well-being.