Stress Response, Cognitive Control & "Real Time" Rumination: Shared Mechanisms Underlying Substance Use and Depression (Administrative Supplement)

项目摘要/摘要 这个导师临床科学家研究发展奖(K08)的目标是培养 理论、方法论和统计学方面的候选人。这项培训将为应聘者的职业生涯做好准备。 独立调查员。候选人将开发启动研究计划所需的专业知识 探讨导致药物使用和精神病理学的性别特有途径的共同机制 同时发生的。为了促进这一总体目标，拟议的K08项目将专注于识别共享 新出现的成年女性中吸烟和抑郁的病因易感性。关于这方面的研究 考虑到历史上男性的烟草使用率高于女性，这一主题是及时的， 烟草使用方面的性别差距正在缩小(特别是在18-26岁的新兴成年人中)。因此，理解 影响年轻女性吸烟的潜在机制是一个重要的公共卫生问题。 两个问题使女性烟草使用复杂化：1)高度使用多种物质(最值得注意的是， 酒精和/或大麻)；和2)女性吸烟者表现出抑郁的可能性是男性的两倍以上 吸烟者)。未能解释多种物质使用和共生抑郁症的研究可能有限 对公共卫生的影响，因为结果可能不能一概而论。在此K08申请中提出的研究寻求 要阐明共生物质使用和抑郁的基础：1)识别近端共享的 或跨诊断风险因素；以及2)探索这些风险因素如何在自然环境中展开。 具体地说，对压力的反应和认知控制的个体差异被假设为预测两者 物质使用和抑郁症状；这些影响预计是通过反省来调节的 (重复的消极思维；物质使用领域未被研究的过程)在女性中，但不是 男性。原始数据收集建议对106名18-26岁的物质进行抽样，使用 将参与的新兴成年人：实验室基线评估，随后是密集生态 抽样方法。基线：1)压力反应将通过实验室压力范例进行评估，包括 收集唾液皮质醇；和2)将进行认知控制的计算机化评估。之后 基线，为期30天的基于智能手机应用程序的生态瞬时评估(EMA)协议将是 用于评估“实时”沉思、物质使用(烟草、酒精、大麻)和抑郁症状。 此K08将为应聘者提供指导研究经验，以获得以下方面的新技能：1)理论 (广泛的药物使用模式)；2)方法(实验室应激源的管理；EMA数据收集)； 3)统计(EMA分析)；以及4)职业发展(手稿和赠款写作)。 结果将被用作R01应用程序的试点数据，旨在确定特定性别的病因 共生物质使用和广泛的精神病理情况出现的途径。这条线 研究的结果有可能为病因驱动、性别敏感的预防和干预工作提供信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Development Award (K08) is to train the candidate in theory, methodology, and statistics. This training will prepare the candidate for a career as an independent investigator. The candidate will develop expertise needed to launch a program of research examining shared mechanisms underlying gender specific pathways to substance use and psychopathology co-occurrence. To facilitate this overarching goal, the proposed K08 project will focus on identifying shared etiological vulnerabilities for tobacco use and depression among emerging adult females. Research on this topic is timely given that, while historically males have had higher reported rates of tobacco use than females, the gender gap in tobacco use is closing (especially among emerging adults ages18-26). Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms that influence young women to use tobacco is an important public health concern. Two issues complicate female tobacco use: 1) there is a high degree of polysubstance use (most notably, alcohol and/or cannabis); and 2) female smokers are over twice as likely to exhibit depression (relative to male smokers). Studies that fail to account for polysubstance use and co-occurring depression may have limited public health impact, as results may not be generalizable. The research proposed in this K08 application seeks to elucidate the underpinnings of co-occurring substance use and depression by: 1) identifying proximal shared or transdiagnostic risk factors; and 2) exploring how these risk factors unfold in the natural environment. Specifically, individual differences in response to stress and cognitive control are hypothesized to predict both substance use and depressive symptoms; and these effects are expected to be mediated through rumination (repetitive negative thinking; an understudied process in the substance use field) among females, but not males. Original data collection is proposed to sample a hundred and six 18-26 year-old substance using emerging adults who will participate in: a laboratory baseline assessment followed by intensive ecological sampling methods. At baseline: 1) stress response will be assessed via a laboratory stress paradigm with collection of salivary cortisol; and 2) a computerized assessment of cognitive control will be conducted. After baseline, a 30-day smartphone application-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol will be used to assess “real-time” rumination, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis), and depressive symptoms. This K08 will provide the candidate with mentored research experience to acquire new skills in: 1) Theory (broad substance use models); 2) Methodology (administration of a laboratory stressor; EMA data collection); and 3) Statistics (EMA analyses); as well as 4) Professional Development (manuscripts & grant writing). Results will be used as pilot data for a R01 application that will aim to identify gender specific etiological pathways in the emergence of co-occurring substance use and broad psychopathological conditions. This line of research has the potential to inform etiologically driven gender-sensitive prevention and intervention efforts.