Firearm Involvement in Adolescent Children of Formerly Incarcerated Parents: A Prospective Intergenerational Study of Resilience Within Families

项目总结/摘要 本提案响应RFA-CE-20-006，目标一，供资方案B。枪支暴力是 一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。尽管凶杀和其他暴力犯罪有所下降，但枪支仍在 2008年至2018年，美国有超过14万人因犯罪而死亡。青年 少年司法系统受到枪支暴力的影响尤为严重。许多青少年罪犯成为 父母年轻时，他们的孩子很可能有很大的枪支参与和受害风险。 然而，关于父母在青少年时期如何参与枪支的数据非常少， 和年轻的成年期，影响他们孩子的风险。我们设计了下一代，由国家资助， 儿童健康研究所、人类发展研究所、国家司法研究所和其他机构， 这一点和其他关键遗漏。利用已经收集的原始参与者的前瞻性数据，下一步 包括第一次前瞻性研究如何高风险的父母目前和过去的参与， 火器（拥有、实施暴力和受害）影响到其青少年子女的情况。 然而，这项研究只对每个家庭的一个孩子进行抽样调查。我们建议疾控中心加强我们的 枪支代际研究添加兄弟姐妹。我们建议增加532次面谈：165次与兄弟姐妹面谈， 367次与父母和二级照顾者的额外访谈。拟议研究的总N 枪支数量为1 585件：709名儿童加上544名父母和332名二级照顾者。的资助 CDC将使我们能够解决三个目标：目标1：检查枪支参与的模式，重点是 兄弟姐妹之间的和谐和不和谐模式。目的2：研究父母的影响（G1） 枪支参与对他们的孩子的参与（G2），重点是兄弟姐妹之间的差异， 关系目标3：确定解释家庭内和家庭间的风险和保护因素 差异拟议的前瞻性研究有几个关键特点：（1）样本将包括足够的 父母与枪支的参与历史（包括受害和犯罪），以检查 对子女的影响和兄弟姐妹之间的差异;（2）样本主要由 在社会经济上处于不利地位的非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人， 枪支暴力的后果;（3）设计将提供多层次的数据，以确定风险， 保护性因素，解释为什么一个兄弟姐妹能够避免枪支参与，而另一个不能。 调查结果将指导最高风险家庭的预防干预措施的制定和调整。 我们将提供数据回应疾病预防控制中心的优先事项，确定战略，以减少不适当的访问 禁止未成年人使用武器，防止致命暴力。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This proposal responds to RFA-CE-20-006, Objective One, Funding Option B. Firearm violence is an urgent public health problem. Despite declines in homicide and other violent crime, firearms were involved in the crime-related deaths of more than 140,000 people in the United States from 2008 to 2018. Youth in the juvenile justice system are disproportionately affected by firearm violence. Many juvenile offenders become parents when young; their children are likely to be at significant risk for firearm involvement and victimization. Yet there are remarkably few data on how parents’ involvement with firearms, during their own adolescence and young adulthood, influences their children’s risk. We designed Next Generation, funded by the National Institute of Child Health, Human Development the National Institute of Justice, and other agencies to address this and other key omissions. Leveraging prospective data already collected on our original participants, Next Generation includes the first prospective study of how high-risk parents’ current and past involvement with firearms (ownership, perpetration of violence, and victimization) influences that of their adolescent children. This study, however, samples only one child per family. We propose that the CDC augment our intergenerational study of firearms to add siblings. We propose to add 532 interviews: 165 with siblings and 367 additional interviews with their parents and secondary caregivers. Total N of the proposed study of firearms would then be 1,585: 709 children plus 544 parents and 332 secondary caregivers. Funding from the CDC will allow us to address three aims: Aim 1: to examine patterns of firearm involvement focusing on patterns of concordance and discordance between siblings. Aim 2: to examine the influence of parents’ (G1) firearm involvement on their children’s involvement (G2), focusing on differences between siblings in this relationship. Aim 3: to identify risk and protective factors that explain within- and between-family differences. The proposed prospective study has several key features: (1) the sample will include enough parents with a history of involvement with firearms (including victimization and perpetration) to examine the influence on their children and differences between siblings; (2) the sample is composed predominantly of socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans and Hispanics, groups that face the most grievous consequences of firearm violence; and (3) the design will provide multilevel data to identify the risk and protective factors that explain why one sibling is able to avoid firearm involvement while the other is not. Findings will guide the development and adaptation of preventive interventions for the highest risk families. We will provide data responding to the CDC’s priority of identifying strategies to decrease inappropriate access to and use of weapons by minors and to prevent lethal violence.