Drug Abuse and Related Health Disparities: An Intergenerational Longitudinal Study of Offspring of Delinquent Youth (Northwestern Offspring Project)

药物滥用和相关的健康差异：违法青少年后代的代际纵向研究（西北后代项目）

• 批准号: 10171820
• 负责人: LINDA A TEPLIN
• 金额: $ 49.72万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10171820
• 关键词: 18 year old; Academic achievement; Academy; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Ants; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Rearing; Childbirth; Childhood; Clinical; Cocaine; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Dependence; Developmental Course; Disease; Drug abuse; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Family; Female; Frequencies; Friends; Gender; Hallucinogens; Health; Hispanics; Imprisonment; Individual; Inhalant dose form; Intervention; Interview; Intoxication; Investigation; Jail; Justice; Lifestyle-related condition; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Medicine; Mental disorders; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neighborhoods; Opioid; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prisons; Problem behavior; Prospective Studies; Race; Recording of previous events; Risk; Route; Severities; Social Environment; Strategic Planning; Subcategory; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Tobacco; Translational Research; Unemployment; United States; Youth; addiction; adolescent offspring; behavioral disinhibition; comorbidity; conduct problem; correctional system; court; critical developmental period; ethnic minority population; health disparity; health inequalities; high risk; high risk population; improved; improved outcome; inner city; innovation; intergenerational; juvenile arrest; juvenile delinquent; knowledge base; male; offspring; peer; population based; primary caregiver; prospective; protective effect; racial and ethnic; resilience; sedative; social; social health determinants; substance use; transmission process; young adult

Every year in the United States, more than 900,000 juveniles are arrested and approximately 250,000 court cases result in incarceration. Racial/ethnic minority youth and adults are disproportionately incarcerated, especially for drug crimes. To address health inequities, we are currently conducting the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), a 16-year longitudinal study of health outcomes of youth after detention. Substance use disorders (SUDs) were the most common psychiatric disorders at detention (affecting about one-half of males and females), the most common comorbid disorder, and the most persistent disorder, affecting 1 in 5 participants in young adulthood. Many delinquent youth become parents when young; their offspring are at great risk for SUDs and related problem behaviors. The proposed investigation, the Northwestern Offspring Project, will be the first prospective study of intergenerational transmission of SUDs in the children of delinquent youth. The Northwestern Offspring Project addresses the limitations of prior intergenerational studies, many of which were conducted overseas and therefore unable to address health inequities in the United States. We propose to study n=428 offspring (ages 12-15 years), their parents, n=428, and an additional primary caregiver, estimated n=261. We chose ages 12-15 years because it is a critical developmental period for substance abuse. Leveraging prospective data that have already been collected on parents (up to 14 interviews), the Specific Aims will investigate: (1) intergenerational transmission of substance use, SUDs, and related problem behaviors in offspring; (2) mechanisms of intergenerational transmission, focusing on the exposure of the child to the parents' substance abuse and to the collateral consequences of the parents' incarcerations; and (3) resilience, examining the protective effect of a supportive and prosocial environment. The proposed investigation is innovative by focusing on: (1) parents who have been in the correctional system; (2) the consequences of incarceration; (3) African Americans and Hispanics, groups that are disproportionately incarcerated and who face the most serious consequences of drug abuse; (4) use and disorder, examining 10 subcategories of substances: marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen/PCP, opioid, amphetamine, inhalant, sedative, unspecified drug, alcohol, and tobacco; (5) resilience to intergenerational transmission in an exceptionally high-risk population; (6) patterns of homotypic and heterotypic continuity. The proposed study responds to (1) the National Academy of Medicine's call for translational research to address the social determinants of health disparities; (2) the NIMHD Strategic Plan, which requests studies to address disparities in the causal factors of substance abuse; (3) the NIAAA Health Disparities Strategic Plan to build a knowledge base for populations that have received less attention in studies of alcohol abuse; and (4) the NIDA 2016-2020 Strategic Plan to identify environmental, behavioral, and social causes and consequences of addiction and determine mechanisms that underlie individual risk and resilience for addiction.

在美国，每年有90多万青少年被逮捕，大约25万人被送上法庭。 案件导致监禁。少数种族/族裔青年和成年人被监禁的比例过高， 尤其是毒品犯罪为了解决卫生不平等问题，我们目前正在进行西北 青少年项目（NJP），一项为期16年的青少年拘留后健康状况的纵向研究。物质 使用障碍（SUD）是拘留期间最常见的精神障碍（影响约一半的人）。 男性和女性），最常见的共病疾病，最持久的疾病，影响1/5 参与者在年轻的成年。许多犯罪青年在年轻时就成为父母，他们的后代在 SUD和相关问题行为的巨大风险。《西北后代》（The Northwestern Offspring） 项目，将是第一个前瞻性研究SUD的代际传播的儿童， 少年犯西北后代项目解决了以前代际的局限性 研究，其中许多是在海外进行的，因此无法解决卫生不公平的问题， 美国的我们建议研究n=428个后代（年龄12-15岁），他们的父母，n=428，和一个 额外的主要照顾者，估计n=261。我们选择12-15岁，因为这是一个关键的发展阶段， 滥用药物的时间。利用已经收集的关于父母的前瞻性数据（最多14 具体目标将调查：（1）物质使用的代际传递，SUD， 后代相关问题行为;（2）代际传递机制，重点关注 儿童暴露于父母的药物滥用和父母滥用药物的附带后果， 监禁;（3）弹性，检查支持性和亲社会环境的保护作用。 建议的调查是创新的，重点是：（1）父母谁一直在惩教系统; (2)监禁的后果;（3）非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔，不成比例的群体 （4）吸毒和精神失常，检查10名 物质的子类别：大麻、可卡因、致幻剂/五氯苯酚、阿片类药物、安非他明、吸入剂、镇静剂， 未指明的药物，酒精和烟草;（5）在异常情况下对代际传播的适应力 高危人群;（6）同型和异型连续性模式。拟议的研究回应了 (1)国家医学科学院呼吁进行转化研究，以解决社会决定因素， 健康差距;（2）NIMHD战略计划，要求研究解决因果关系中的差距， （3）NIAAA健康差异战略计划，以建立一个知识库， 在酒精滥用研究中受到较少关注的人群;（4）NIDA 2016-2020战略 计划识别成瘾的环境、行为和社会原因和后果，并确定 这些机制构成了个体风险和成瘾恢复力的基础。