Firearm Involvement Among Parents and Their Adolescent Children: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of At-Risk Youth

项目摘要/摘要 枪支暴力是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。尽管凶杀案和其他暴力犯罪有所下降， 年美国逾35万人与犯罪有关的死亡与枪支有关 过去十年。年轻的城市种族/少数民族受到的影响不成比例。在西北地区 青少年项目(NJP)，我们对青少年罪犯进行了16年的纵向研究，发现有很大比例 拥有枪支，实施枪支暴力，和/或成为枪支暴力的受害者。许多少年犯 他们的孩子在很小的时候就成为了父母；他们的孩子面临着卷入枪支和成为受害者的巨大风险。还没有 关于父母在青春期和青少年时期如何接触枪支的数据非常少 青壮年--会影响孩子的风险。我们建议利用已收集的前瞻性数据 关于我们最初的参与者--对高危父母的现在和过去进行第一次大规模研究 与枪支有关(拥有、实施暴力和受害)会影响他们的 青春期儿童。我们将采访900名参与者：N=450名高危青年(青少年的孩子 罪犯)，年龄12至15岁，及其父母，n=450人。我们选择了12到15岁，因为这是一种关键的 开始涉枪的发展阶段。我们有四个目标：(1)研究 城市高危青少年(少年犯子女，G2)涉及枪支的情况；(2)检查他们 (1)父母对枪支的参与；(3)考察父母对枪支参与的影响。 他们的子女；以及(4)确定调节和调解这种关系的风险和保护因素 父母和孩子与枪支的关系。拟议的前瞻性研究有几个关键 特点：(1)样本将包括足够多有枪支涉案史的父母(包括 受害和犯罪)，以检查其对子女的影响；(2)样本主要是 在社会经济上处于不利地位的非裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人，他们面临着最悲痛的 枪支暴力的后果；(3)设计将使我们能够检查关于风险和保护的多级别数据 来自个人、家庭、同龄人和社区的因素；以及(5)研究采用混合方法 确定可用作制定创新性预防干预措施的目标的保护性因素。 这项调查将提供以下数据：(1)国家医学科学院的优先事项 研究减少与枪支有关的暴力威胁；(2)健康人2020 S降低目标 与枪支有关的死亡或减少青少年在学校财产上携带武器；以及(3)和中心 对于疾病控制和预防的优先事项，确定和评估减少不当行为的战略 防止未成年人获得和使用武器，防止致命暴力。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Firearm violence is an urgent public health problem. Despite declines in homicide and other violent crime, firearms were involved in the crime-related deaths of more than 350,000 people in the United States in the past decade. Young urban racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. In the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), our 16-year longitudinal study of juvenile offenders, we found that a large proportion owned a gun, perpetrated firearm violence, and/or were victims of firearm violence. Many juvenile offenders become parents when young; their children are at great risk for firearm involvement and victimization. Yet there are remarkably few data on how parents' involvement with firearms—during their own adolescence and young adulthood—influences their children's risk. We propose to leverage prospective data—already collected on our original participants—to conduct the first large-scale study of how high-risk parents' current and past involvement with firearms (ownership, perpetration of violence, and victimization) influences that of their adolescent children. We will interview 900 participants: n=450 high-risk youth (children of adolescent offenders), ages 12 to 15 years, and their parents, n=450. We chose ages 12 to 15 years because it is a critical developmental period for the initiation of firearm involvement. We have 4 aims: (1) to examine patterns of firearm involvement in urban high-risk adolescents (children of juvenile offenders, G2); (2) to examine their parents' (G1) involvement with firearms; (3) to examine how parents' firearm involvement influences that of their children; and (4) to identify risk and protective factors that moderate and mediate the relationship between the parent and child's involvement with firearms. The proposed prospective study has several key features: (1) the sample will include enough parents with a history of involvement with firearms (including victimization and perpetration) to examine its influence on their children; (2) the sample is predominantly socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans and Hispanics, groups who face the most grievous consequences of firearm violence; (3) the design will allow us to examine multilevel data on risk and protective factors from individuals, families, peers, and communities; and (5) the study uses a mixed-methods approach to identify protective factors that could be used as targets for developing innovative preventive interventions. The investigation will provide data responding to: (1) the National Academy of Medicine's priorities for research to reduce the threat of firearm-related violence; (2) Healthy People 2020's objective to reduce firearm-related deaths or reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property; and (3) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's priority to identify and evaluate strategies to decrease inappropriate access to and use of weapons by minors, and to prevent lethal violence.