Firearm Involvement Among Parents and Their Adolescent Children: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of At-Risk Youth

项目概要/摘要 枪支暴力是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。尽管杀人和其他暴力犯罪有所下降， 枪支与美国35万多人的犯罪相关死亡有关， 过去十年城市少数种族/族裔青年受到的影响尤其严重。西北 青少年项目（NJP），我们对青少年罪犯进行了16年的纵向研究，我们发现， 拥有枪支，实施枪支暴力，和/或成为枪支暴力的受害者。许多少年犯 他们在年轻时就成为父母;他们的子女很有可能卷入火器并成为受害者。然而 关于父母在青少年时期如何参与枪支的数据非常少， 年轻的成年影响他们的孩子的风险。我们建议利用已经收集的预期数据 对我们最初的参与者进行第一次大规模的研究， 参与枪支（所有权，暴力行为和受害）影响他们的行为， 青春期的孩子。我们将采访900名参与者：n=450名高危青少年（青少年的子女） 罪犯），年龄12至15岁，及其父母，n=450。我们选择了12到15岁，因为这是一个关键的年龄段。 这是一个开始使用枪支的发展阶段。我们有四个目标：（1）检查模式 城市高危青少年（未成年犯子女，G2）的枪支参与;（2）检查他们的 父母（G1）参与枪支;（3）研究父母的枪支参与如何影响父母的枪支参与。 他们的孩子;和（4）确定风险和保护因素，适度和调解的关系 父母和孩子之间的关系这项前瞻性研究提出了几个关键问题， 特点：（1）样本将包括足够的父母与枪支的参与历史（包括 （2）调查对象主要是 在社会经济上处于不利地位的非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人， 枪支暴力的后果;（3）设计将使我们能够检查风险和保护性的多层次数据 来自个人、家庭、同伴和社区的因素;（5）研究采用混合方法 确定可用作制定创新性预防干预措施目标的保护因素。 调查将提供数据，以回应：（1）国家医学科学院的优先事项， 研究以减少与枪支有关的暴力威胁;（2）2020年健康人的目标是减少 与枪支有关的死亡或减少青少年在学校财产上携带武器;以及（3）和中心 疾病控制和预防的优先事项是确定和评估减少不适当的 防止未成年人获得和使用武器，并防止致命暴力。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Firearm violence is an urgent public health problem. Despite declines in homicide and other violent crime, firearms were involved in the crime-related deaths of more than 350,000 people in the United States in the past decade. Young urban racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. In the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), our 16-year longitudinal study of juvenile offenders, we found that a large proportion owned a gun, perpetrated firearm violence, and/or were victims of firearm violence. Many juvenile offenders become parents when young; their children are at great risk for firearm involvement and victimization. Yet there are remarkably few data on how parents' involvement with firearms—during their own adolescence and young adulthood—influences their children's risk. We propose to leverage prospective data—already collected on our original participants—to conduct the first large-scale study of how high-risk parents' current and past involvement with firearms (ownership, perpetration of violence, and victimization) influences that of their adolescent children. We will interview 900 participants: n=450 high-risk youth (children of adolescent offenders), ages 12 to 15 years, and their parents, n=450. We chose ages 12 to 15 years because it is a critical developmental period for the initiation of firearm involvement. We have 4 aims: (1) to examine patterns of firearm involvement in urban high-risk adolescents (children of juvenile offenders, G2); (2) to examine their parents' (G1) involvement with firearms; (3) to examine how parents' firearm involvement influences that of their children; and (4) to identify risk and protective factors that moderate and mediate the relationship between the parent and child's involvement with firearms. The proposed prospective study has several key features: (1) the sample will include enough parents with a history of involvement with firearms (including victimization and perpetration) to examine its influence on their children; (2) the sample is predominantly socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans and Hispanics, groups who face the most grievous consequences of firearm violence; (3) the design will allow us to examine multilevel data on risk and protective factors from individuals, families, peers, and communities; and (5) the study uses a mixed-methods approach to identify protective factors that could be used as targets for developing innovative preventive interventions. The investigation will provide data responding to: (1) the National Academy of Medicine's priorities for research to reduce the threat of firearm-related violence; (2) Healthy People 2020's objective to reduce firearm-related deaths or reduce weapon carrying by adolescents on school property; and (3) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's priority to identify and evaluate strategies to decrease inappropriate access to and use of weapons by minors, and to prevent lethal violence.