Drug Abuse and Related Health Disparities: An Intergenerational Longitudinal Study of Offspring of Delinquent Youth (Northwestern Offspring Project)

药物滥用和相关的健康差异：违法青少年后代的代际纵向研究（西北后代项目）

• 批准号: 10168013
• 负责人: LINDA A TEPLIN
• 金额: $ 6.12万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10168013
• 关键词: 18 year old; Academic achievement; Academy; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Ants; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Rearing; Childbirth; Childhood; Clinical; Cocaine; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Dependence; Developmental Course; Disease; Drug abuse; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Family; Female; Frequencies; Friends; Gender; Hallucinogens; Health; Hispanics; Imprisonment; Individual; Inhalant dose form; Intervention; Interview; Intoxication; Investigation; Jail; Justice; Lifestyle-related condition; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Medicine; Mental disorders; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neighborhoods; Opioid; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prisons; Problem behavior; Prospective Studies; Race; Recording of previous events; Risk; Route; Severities; Social Environment; Strategic Planning; Subcategory; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Tobacco; Translational Research; Unemployment; United States; Youth; addiction; adolescent offspring; behavioral disinhibition; comorbidity; conduct problem; correctional system; court; critical developmental period; ethnic minority population; health disparity; high risk; high risk population; improved; improved outcome; inner city; innovation; intergenerational; juvenile arrest; juvenile delinquent; knowledge base; male; offspring; peer; population based; primary caregiver; prospective; protective effect; racial and ethnic; resilience; sedative; social; social health determinants; transmission process; young adult

Every year in the United States, more than 900,000 juveniles are arrested and approximately 250,000 court cases result in incarceration. Racial/ethnic minority youth and adults are disproportionately incarcerated, especially for drug crimes. To address health inequities, we are currently conducting the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), a 16-year longitudinal study of health outcomes of youth after detention. Substance use disorders (SUDs) were the most common psychiatric disorders at detention (affecting about one-half of males and females), the most common comorbid disorder, and the most persistent disorder, affecting 1 in 5 participants in young adulthood. Many delinquent youth become parents when young; their offspring are at great risk for SUDs and related problem behaviors. The proposed investigation, the Northwestern Offspring Project, will be the first prospective study of intergenerational transmission of SUDs in the children of delinquent youth. The Northwestern Offspring Project addresses the limitations of prior intergenerational studies, many of which were conducted overseas and therefore unable to address health inequities in the United States. We propose to study n=428 offspring (ages 12-15 years), their parents, n=428, and an additional primary caregiver, estimated n=261. We chose ages 12-15 years because it is a critical developmental period for substance abuse. Leveraging prospective data that have already been collected on parents (up to 14 interviews), the Specific Aims will investigate: (1) intergenerational transmission of substance use, SUDs, and related problem behaviors in offspring; (2) mechanisms of intergenerational transmission, focusing on the exposure of the child to the parents' substance abuse and to the collateral consequences of the parents' incarcerations; and (3) resilience, examining the protective effect of a supportive and prosocial environment. The proposed investigation is innovative by focusing on: (1) parents who have been in the correctional system; (2) the consequences of incarceration; (3) African Americans and Hispanics, groups that are disproportionately incarcerated and who face the most serious consequences of drug abuse; (4) use and disorder, examining 10 subcategories of substances: marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen/PCP, opioid, amphetamine, inhalant, sedative, unspecified drug, alcohol, and tobacco; (5) resilience to intergenerational transmission in an exceptionally high-risk population; (6) patterns of homotypic and heterotypic continuity. The proposed study responds to (1) the National Academy of Medicine's call for translational research to address the social determinants of health disparities; (2) the NIMHD Strategic Plan, which requests studies to address disparities in the causal factors of substance abuse; (3) the NIAAA Health Disparities Strategic Plan to build a knowledge base for populations that have received less attention in studies of alcohol abuse; and (4) the NIDA 2016-2020 Strategic Plan to identify environmental, behavioral, and social causes and consequences of addiction and determine mechanisms that underlie individual risk and resilience for addiction.

每年在美国，逮捕了900,000多名少年，约有25万名法院 案件导致监禁。种族/族裔少数民族青年和成年人被监禁不成比例 特别是针对毒品犯罪。为了解决健康不平等，我们目前正在进行西北 少年项目（NJP），一项对拘留后青年健康结果的16年纵向研究。物质 使用障碍（SUD）是拘留中最常见的精神病（影响约一半） 男性和女性），最常见的合并症和最持续的疾病，影响5中的1 年轻成年的参与者。许多犯罪年轻人年轻时就成为父母。他们的后代在 SUD和相关问题行为的巨大风险。拟议的调查，西北后代 项目将是第一个前瞻性研究，该研究是对子女在儿童中的代际传播 犯罪青年。西北后代项目解决了先前代际的局限性 研究，其中许多是在海外进行的，因此无法解决 美国。我们建议研究n = 428个后代（12-15岁），他们的父母，n = 428，一个 其他原发照顾者，估计n = 261。我们选择了12-15岁的年龄，因为这是一个关键的发展 滥用药物的时期。利用已经收集的父母收集的潜在数据（最多14 访谈），具体目的将调查：（1）代际使用物质的传播，SUD和 后代相关的问题行为； （2）代际传播的机制，重点是 将孩子暴露于父母的滥用毒品和父母的附带后果 监禁； （3）弹性，研究支持性和亲社会环境的保护作用。 拟议的调查是通过关注以下方式创新的：（1）曾在惩教系统中的父母； （2）监禁的后果； （3）非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔，那些不成比例的群体 被监禁并面临滥用药物最严重的后果； （4）使用和混乱，检查10 物质的子类别：大麻，可卡因，致幻剂/PCP，阿片类药物，苯丙胺，吸入剂，镇静剂， 未指定的药物，酒精和烟草； （5）在异常中对代际传播的弹性 高风险人口； （6）同型和异型连续性的模式。拟议的研究回应 （1）国家医学院的转化研究呼吁，以解决 健康差异； （2）NIMHD战略计划，该计划要求研究解决因果关系的差异 滥用药物的因素； （3）NIAAA健康差异战略计划，以建立知识库 在酗酒研究中受到较少关注的人群； （4）NIDA 2016-2020战略 计划确定成瘾的环境，行为和社会原因和后果，并确定 基于成瘾的个人风险和韧性的机制。