Drug Abuse and Related Health Disparities: An Intergenerational Longitudinal Study of Offspring of Delinquent Youth (Northwestern Offspring Project)

药物滥用和相关的健康差异：违法青少年后代的代际纵向研究（西北后代项目）

• 批准号: 10168013
• 负责人: LINDA A TEPLIN
• 金额: $ 6.12万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10168013
• 关键词: 18 year old; Academic achievement; Academy; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Ants; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Rearing; Childbirth; Childhood; Clinical; Cocaine; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Dependence; Developmental Course; Disease; Drug abuse; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Family; Female; Frequencies; Friends; Gender; Hallucinogens; Health; Hispanics; Imprisonment; Individual; Inhalant dose form; Intervention; Interview; Intoxication; Investigation; Jail; Justice; Lifestyle-related condition; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Medicine; Mental disorders; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neighborhoods; Opioid; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prisons; Problem behavior; Prospective Studies; Race; Recording of previous events; Risk; Route; Severities; Social Environment; Strategic Planning; Subcategory; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Tobacco; Translational Research; Unemployment; United States; Youth; addiction; adolescent offspring; behavioral disinhibition; comorbidity; conduct problem; correctional system; court; critical developmental period; ethnic minority population; health disparity; high risk; high risk population; improved; improved outcome; inner city; innovation; intergenerational; juvenile arrest; juvenile delinquent; knowledge base; male; offspring; peer; population based; primary caregiver; prospective; protective effect; racial and ethnic; resilience; sedative; social; social health determinants; transmission process; young adult

Every year in the United States, more than 900,000 juveniles are arrested and approximately 250,000 court cases result in incarceration. Racial/ethnic minority youth and adults are disproportionately incarcerated, especially for drug crimes. To address health inequities, we are currently conducting the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), a 16-year longitudinal study of health outcomes of youth after detention. Substance use disorders (SUDs) were the most common psychiatric disorders at detention (affecting about one-half of males and females), the most common comorbid disorder, and the most persistent disorder, affecting 1 in 5 participants in young adulthood. Many delinquent youth become parents when young; their offspring are at great risk for SUDs and related problem behaviors. The proposed investigation, the Northwestern Offspring Project, will be the first prospective study of intergenerational transmission of SUDs in the children of delinquent youth. The Northwestern Offspring Project addresses the limitations of prior intergenerational studies, many of which were conducted overseas and therefore unable to address health inequities in the United States. We propose to study n=428 offspring (ages 12-15 years), their parents, n=428, and an additional primary caregiver, estimated n=261. We chose ages 12-15 years because it is a critical developmental period for substance abuse. Leveraging prospective data that have already been collected on parents (up to 14 interviews), the Specific Aims will investigate: (1) intergenerational transmission of substance use, SUDs, and related problem behaviors in offspring; (2) mechanisms of intergenerational transmission, focusing on the exposure of the child to the parents' substance abuse and to the collateral consequences of the parents' incarcerations; and (3) resilience, examining the protective effect of a supportive and prosocial environment. The proposed investigation is innovative by focusing on: (1) parents who have been in the correctional system; (2) the consequences of incarceration; (3) African Americans and Hispanics, groups that are disproportionately incarcerated and who face the most serious consequences of drug abuse; (4) use and disorder, examining 10 subcategories of substances: marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen/PCP, opioid, amphetamine, inhalant, sedative, unspecified drug, alcohol, and tobacco; (5) resilience to intergenerational transmission in an exceptionally high-risk population; (6) patterns of homotypic and heterotypic continuity. The proposed study responds to (1) the National Academy of Medicine's call for translational research to address the social determinants of health disparities; (2) the NIMHD Strategic Plan, which requests studies to address disparities in the causal factors of substance abuse; (3) the NIAAA Health Disparities Strategic Plan to build a knowledge base for populations that have received less attention in studies of alcohol abuse; and (4) the NIDA 2016-2020 Strategic Plan to identify environmental, behavioral, and social causes and consequences of addiction and determine mechanisms that underlie individual risk and resilience for addiction.

美国每年有超过 90 万名青少年被捕，约 25 万名青少年被送上法庭 案件导致监禁。少数族裔/族裔青年和成年人被监禁的比例过高， 尤其是针对毒品犯罪。为了解决健康不平等问题，我们目前正在西北地区开展 青少年项目 (NJP)，一项针对拘留后青少年健康状况的 16 年纵向研究。物质 使用障碍（SUD）是拘留期间最常见的精神疾病（影响了大约一半的人） 男性和女性），最常见的共病，也是最持久的疾病，影响五分之一的人 青年时期的参与者。许多不良青少年年轻时就成为父母；他们的后代在 SUD 和相关问题行为存在巨大风险。拟议的调查，西北后代 该项目将是第一个关于儿童 SUD 代际传播的前瞻性研究 不良青年。西北后代项目解决了先前代际研究的局限性 研究，其中许多是在海外进行的，因此无法解决国内的健康不平等问题 美国。我们建议研究 n=428 名后代（12-15 岁）、他们的父母（n=428）和 额外的主要照顾者，估计 n=261。我们选择12-15岁这个年龄段是因为这是一个关键的发展阶段 药物滥用期。利用已收集的家长前瞻性数据（最多 14 访谈），具体目标将调查：(1) 物质使用、SUD 和药物的代际传播 后代的相关问题行为； (2)代际传递机制，重点关注 儿童暴露于父母的药物滥用以及父母滥用药物的附带后果 监禁； (3) 复原力，检查支持性和亲社会环境的保护作用。 拟议的调查具有创新性，重点关注：（1）曾在惩教系统中服刑的父母； (2) 监禁的后果； (3) 非裔美国人和西班牙裔人口比例过高的群体 被监禁并面临药物滥用最严重后果的人； (4)使用和紊乱，检查10 物质子类别：大麻、可卡因、致幻剂/五氯苯酚、阿片类药物、安非他明、吸入剂、镇静剂、 未指定的药物、酒精和烟草； (5) 代际传播的韧性 高危人群； (6)同型和异型连续性的模式。拟议的研究回应 (1) 美国国家医学院呼吁开展转化研究以解决以下问题的社会决定因素： 健康差异； (2) NIMHD 战略计划，要求进行研究以解决因果关系中的差异 药物滥用因素； (3) NIAAA 健康差异战略计划，旨在建立知识库 在酒精滥用研究中较少受到关注的人群； (4) NIDA 2016-2020 年战略 计划确定成瘾的环境、行为和社会原因和后果，并确定 构成个人成瘾风险和复原力的机制。