Longitudinal associations of preschoolers' technology and digital medial (TDM) use and executive functioning: a mechanism linking TDM with young children's weight status

项目摘要 技术和数字媒体（TDM）的使用与较差的发展和健康结果有关 在年幼的孩子。鉴于TDM的使用率很高，平均超过了建议， 学龄前儿童，重要的是要检查TDM使用对发展和健康结果的影响 在儿童发育的关键早期阶段使用多学科方法（临床心理学， 发展心理学，电气工程和儿科学），提出的更大的主要目标之一， P01应用程序（本项目是其中的一部分）是使用创新，客观和被动的措施， 精确地量化儿童TDM的使用。这一具体项目的第一个目标将是重点审查 学龄前儿童的TDM使用和执行功能（EF）之间的关联，以及测试EF作为一个 TDM使用与儿童BMI相关的认知机制。第二个目标是测试双向关联 执行功能、儿童BMI和TDM使用之间的关系。最后，第三个目的是检验小说的适度性 一般父母的影响（温暖/敏感，侵入性），父母支架在两种情况下（非TDM 和TDM），以及TDM内容，这些都是破坏从儿童TDM使用到儿童TDM使用的级联的候选者。 EF和BMI。据我们所知，这将是第一次使用全面客观的评估方法进行研究 测量TDM使用的工具，其与EF的相关性，以及EF对TDM-BMI相关性的介导作用， 学龄前儿童在12个月的时间内使用纵向设计。此外，据我们所知，这是一个 唯一考虑双向关联的研究-特别是TDM的使用不仅与 儿童的结果，而且儿童的EF和BMI可能会影响他们随后的TDM使用。的一部分 我们对TDM使用的关注，教育内容将被评估，以推进发展研究， 共同关注TDM使用量。在对照组中使用EF的多种直接观察指标 该项目还将为儿童认知和肥胖的发展提供信息。最后，改编自 现有的任务和编码程序，一个新的实验室为基础的父母/儿童TDM任务将被用来检查 父母的脚手架行为，已知可以提高儿童EF，以及这些脚手架行为如何调节 TDM使用与儿童EF之间的联系。提高我们对TDM使用在以下领域的作用的理解： 使用创新方法的认知和健康将有助于制定有效的战略， 改善儿童的结果，并为父母和卫生服务提供者提供可采取行动的信息， 儿童TDM使用指南。

PROJECT SUMMARY Technology and digital media (TDM) use has been associated with poorer developmental and health outcomes in young children. Given the high rate of TDM use, which on average exceeds recommendations, among preschool age children, it is important to examine TDM use effects on development and health outcomes during this critical early stage of child development. Using a multidisciplinary approach (clinical psychology, developmental psychology, electrical engineering, and pediatrics), one of the main goals of the proposed larger P01 application (of which this project is a part of) is to use innovative, objective, and passive measures to precisely quantify children’s TDM use. The first aim of this specific project will be to focus on examining associations between preschoolers’ TDM use and executive functioning (EF) as well as testing EF as a cognitive mechanism linking TDM use with child BMI. The second aim will be to test bidirectional associations between executive functioning, child BMI, and TDM use. Finally, the third aim will test the novel moderating influences of general parenting (warmth/sensitivity, intrusiveness), parent scaffolding in two contexts (non-TDM and TDM), and TDM content, which are candidates for disrupting the cascade from children’s TDM use to their EF and BMI. To our knowledge, this will be the first study to use a comprehensive and objective assessment tool to measure TDM use, its association with EF, and the mediating role of EF on the TDM-BMI association in preschool children using a longitudinal design over a 12-month timeframe. Also, to our knowledge, this is one of the only studies to consider bidirectional associations – specifically that TDM use is not only related to children’s outcome, but also that children’s EF and BMI may influence their subsequent TDM use. As part of our focus on TDM use, educational content will be assessed advancing developmental research beyond a common focus on the amount of TDM use. Using multiple direct observational measures of EF in a controlled setting, this project will also inform the development of child cognition as well as obesity. Finally, adapted from existing tasks and coding procedures, a novel lab-based parent/child TDM task will be employed to examine parental scaffolding behaviors, known to improve child EF, and how these scaffolding behaviors may moderate links between TDM use and children’s EF. Advancing our understanding of the role of TDM use on the areas of cognition and health using innovative methods will assist in the development of effective strategies for improving child outcomes and provide parents and health service providers actionable information informing children’s TDM use guidelines.